1 00:00:14,920 --> 00:00:16,870 uh every crew 2 00:00:16,870 --> 00:00:16,880 uh every crew 3 00:00:16,880 --> 00:00:19,750 uh every crew gets to design their own patch uh in 4 00:00:19,750 --> 00:00:19,760 gets to design their own patch uh in 5 00:00:19,760 --> 00:00:21,590 gets to design their own patch uh in this next uh scene here you'll see our 6 00:00:21,590 --> 00:00:21,600 this next uh scene here you'll see our 7 00:00:21,600 --> 00:00:23,509 this next uh scene here you'll see our patch which has the entire globe as well 8 00:00:23,509 --> 00:00:23,519 patch which has the entire globe as well 9 00:00:23,519 --> 00:00:25,589 patch which has the entire globe as well as the sun on it symbolizing the global 10 00:00:25,589 --> 00:00:25,599 as the sun on it symbolizing the global 11 00:00:25,599 --> 00:00:27,109 as the sun on it symbolizing the global nature of looking at atmospheric 12 00:00:27,109 --> 00:00:27,119 nature of looking at atmospheric 13 00:00:27,119 --> 00:00:28,150 nature of looking at atmospheric research 14 00:00:28,150 --> 00:00:28,160 research 15 00:00:28,160 --> 00:00:29,669 research and the effect the sun has on the 16 00:00:29,669 --> 00:00:29,679 and the effect the sun has on the 17 00:00:29,679 --> 00:00:31,669 and the effect the sun has on the chemistry of our atmosphere 18 00:00:31,669 --> 00:00:31,679 chemistry of our atmosphere 19 00:00:31,679 --> 00:00:33,990 chemistry of our atmosphere we had the opportunity to launch midday 20 00:00:33,990 --> 00:00:34,000 we had the opportunity to launch midday 21 00:00:34,000 --> 00:00:35,670 we had the opportunity to launch midday on november 3rd which made it a very 22 00:00:35,670 --> 00:00:35,680 on november 3rd which made it a very 23 00:00:35,680 --> 00:00:38,150 on november 3rd which made it a very comfortable wake up for half of our crew 24 00:00:38,150 --> 00:00:38,160 comfortable wake up for half of our crew 25 00:00:38,160 --> 00:00:40,229 comfortable wake up for half of our crew waking up at 7 00 in the morning however 26 00:00:40,229 --> 00:00:40,239 waking up at 7 00 in the morning however 27 00:00:40,239 --> 00:00:41,910 waking up at 7 00 in the morning however because we were a dual shift flight and 28 00:00:41,910 --> 00:00:41,920 because we were a dual shift flight and 29 00:00:41,920 --> 00:00:44,069 because we were a dual shift flight and conducted operations around the clock 30 00:00:44,069 --> 00:00:44,079 conducted operations around the clock 31 00:00:44,079 --> 00:00:46,310 conducted operations around the clock the other three members of the crew had 32 00:00:46,310 --> 00:00:46,320 the other three members of the crew had 33 00:00:46,320 --> 00:00:48,549 the other three members of the crew had sleep shifted themselves to wake up 34 00:00:48,549 --> 00:00:48,559 sleep shifted themselves to wake up 35 00:00:48,559 --> 00:00:50,630 sleep shifted themselves to wake up at 10 o'clock the previous evening so 36 00:00:50,630 --> 00:00:50,640 at 10 o'clock the previous evening so 37 00:00:50,640 --> 00:00:52,310 at 10 o'clock the previous evening so they'd been awake about 12 hours 38 00:00:52,310 --> 00:00:52,320 they'd been awake about 12 hours 39 00:00:52,320 --> 00:00:54,150 they'd been awake about 12 hours be or actually 14 hours before we 40 00:00:54,150 --> 00:00:54,160 be or actually 14 hours before we 41 00:00:54,160 --> 00:00:55,910 be or actually 14 hours before we launched 42 00:00:55,910 --> 00:00:55,920 launched 43 00:00:55,920 --> 00:00:58,229 launched we checked the integrity of our suits 44 00:00:58,229 --> 00:00:58,239 we checked the integrity of our suits 45 00:00:58,239 --> 00:00:59,510 we checked the integrity of our suits and then we walk out 46 00:00:59,510 --> 00:00:59,520 and then we walk out 47 00:00:59,520 --> 00:01:01,110 and then we walk out of the onc building at the cape to get 48 00:01:01,110 --> 00:01:01,120 of the onc building at the cape to get 49 00:01:01,120 --> 00:01:03,029 of the onc building at the cape to get on the astrovan for the seven mile drive 50 00:01:03,029 --> 00:01:03,039 on the astrovan for the seven mile drive 51 00:01:03,039 --> 00:01:04,710 on the astrovan for the seven mile drive out to the pad 52 00:01:04,710 --> 00:01:04,720 out to the pad 53 00:01:04,720 --> 00:01:06,070 out to the pad we had a beautiful morning for the 54 00:01:06,070 --> 00:01:06,080 we had a beautiful morning for the 55 00:01:06,080 --> 00:01:07,830 we had a beautiful morning for the launch the skies were crystal clear not 56 00:01:07,830 --> 00:01:07,840 launch the skies were crystal clear not 57 00:01:07,840 --> 00:01:08,230 launch the skies were crystal clear not a 58 00:01:08,230 --> 00:01:08,240 a 59 00:01:08,240 --> 00:01:10,710 a cloud in sight at t minus six seconds 60 00:01:10,710 --> 00:01:10,720 cloud in sight at t minus six seconds 61 00:01:10,720 --> 00:01:11,510 cloud in sight at t minus six seconds the 62 00:01:11,510 --> 00:01:11,520 the 63 00:01:11,520 --> 00:01:13,109 the shuttle main engine start sequence began 64 00:01:13,109 --> 00:01:13,119 shuttle main engine start sequence began 65 00:01:13,119 --> 00:01:14,950 shuttle main engine start sequence began and moments later we're on our way 66 00:01:14,950 --> 00:01:14,960 and moments later we're on our way 67 00:01:14,960 --> 00:01:16,789 and moments later we're on our way to 66th mission of the space shuttle 68 00:01:16,789 --> 00:01:16,799 to 66th mission of the space shuttle 69 00:01:16,799 --> 00:01:18,630 to 66th mission of the space shuttle program and the 13th mission of space 70 00:01:18,630 --> 00:01:18,640 program and the 13th mission of space 71 00:01:18,640 --> 00:01:19,990 program and the 13th mission of space shuttle atlantis 72 00:01:19,990 --> 00:01:20,000 shuttle atlantis 73 00:01:20,000 --> 00:01:21,670 shuttle atlantis we were already over 100 miles an hour 74 00:01:21,670 --> 00:01:21,680 we were already over 100 miles an hour 75 00:01:21,680 --> 00:01:23,030 we were already over 100 miles an hour as we cleared the tower and we began our 76 00:01:23,030 --> 00:01:23,040 as we cleared the tower and we began our 77 00:01:23,040 --> 00:01:24,710 as we cleared the tower and we began our roll maneuver to the attitude required 78 00:01:24,710 --> 00:01:24,720 roll maneuver to the attitude required 79 00:01:24,720 --> 00:01:25,109 roll maneuver to the attitude required for our 80 00:01:25,109 --> 00:01:25,119 for our 81 00:01:25,119 --> 00:01:29,030 for our 57 degree high inclination orbit 82 00:01:29,030 --> 00:01:29,040 57 degree high inclination orbit 83 00:01:29,040 --> 00:01:30,630 57 degree high inclination orbit our trajectory actually took us up the 84 00:01:30,630 --> 00:01:30,640 our trajectory actually took us up the 85 00:01:30,640 --> 00:01:32,870 our trajectory actually took us up the eastern seaboard of the united states 86 00:01:32,870 --> 00:01:32,880 eastern seaboard of the united states 87 00:01:32,880 --> 00:01:36,390 eastern seaboard of the united states just off the coast at this time the 88 00:01:36,390 --> 00:01:36,400 just off the coast at this time the 89 00:01:36,400 --> 00:01:38,390 just off the coast at this time the orbit liftoff the orbiter weighed around 90 00:01:38,390 --> 00:01:38,400 orbit liftoff the orbiter weighed around 91 00:01:38,400 --> 00:01:39,990 orbit liftoff the orbiter weighed around 4 million pounds and our thrust is 92 00:01:39,990 --> 00:01:40,000 4 million pounds and our thrust is 93 00:01:40,000 --> 00:01:41,429 4 million pounds and our thrust is around seven million pounds so the 94 00:01:41,429 --> 00:01:41,439 around seven million pounds so the 95 00:01:41,439 --> 00:01:42,469 around seven million pounds so the thrust to weight was 96 00:01:42,469 --> 00:01:42,479 thrust to weight was 97 00:01:42,479 --> 00:01:44,469 thrust to weight was pretty nice and we were getting out of 98 00:01:44,469 --> 00:01:44,479 pretty nice and we were getting out of 99 00:01:44,479 --> 00:01:47,510 pretty nice and we were getting out of town in quite a hurry as you can see 100 00:01:47,510 --> 00:01:47,520 town in quite a hurry as you can see 101 00:01:47,520 --> 00:01:48,870 town in quite a hurry as you can see the orbiter was burning about three 102 00:01:48,870 --> 00:01:48,880 the orbiter was burning about three 103 00:01:48,880 --> 00:01:50,789 the orbiter was burning about three thousand pounds of fuel per second and 104 00:01:50,789 --> 00:01:50,799 thousand pounds of fuel per second and 105 00:01:50,799 --> 00:01:52,789 thousand pounds of fuel per second and as that weight decreased 106 00:01:52,789 --> 00:01:52,799 as that weight decreased 107 00:01:52,799 --> 00:01:55,030 as that weight decreased the acceleration increased up to about 108 00:01:55,030 --> 00:01:55,040 the acceleration increased up to about 109 00:01:55,040 --> 00:01:56,230 the acceleration increased up to about three g's or three times 110 00:01:56,230 --> 00:01:56,240 three g's or three times 111 00:01:56,240 --> 00:01:58,630 three g's or three times earth's gravity at two minutes into the 112 00:01:58,630 --> 00:01:58,640 earth's gravity at two minutes into the 113 00:01:58,640 --> 00:02:00,469 earth's gravity at two minutes into the flight we had expended all the energy 114 00:02:00,469 --> 00:02:00,479 flight we had expended all the energy 115 00:02:00,479 --> 00:02:01,990 flight we had expended all the energy out of the solid rocket boosters so they 116 00:02:01,990 --> 00:02:02,000 out of the solid rocket boosters so they 117 00:02:02,000 --> 00:02:02,870 out of the solid rocket boosters so they were jettisoned 118 00:02:02,870 --> 00:02:02,880 were jettisoned 119 00:02:02,880 --> 00:02:04,469 were jettisoned to be picked up by the recovery ships 120 00:02:04,469 --> 00:02:04,479 to be picked up by the recovery ships 121 00:02:04,479 --> 00:02:06,830 to be picked up by the recovery ships waiting about 50 miles off the kennedy 122 00:02:06,830 --> 00:02:06,840 waiting about 50 miles off the kennedy 123 00:02:06,840 --> 00:02:09,510 waiting about 50 miles off the kennedy coast it's hard to imagine we sit on the 124 00:02:09,510 --> 00:02:09,520 coast it's hard to imagine we sit on the 125 00:02:09,520 --> 00:02:11,270 coast it's hard to imagine we sit on the pad and then 126 00:02:11,270 --> 00:02:11,280 pad and then 127 00:02:11,280 --> 00:02:13,110 pad and then just a few moments later later we're at 128 00:02:13,110 --> 00:02:13,120 just a few moments later later we're at 129 00:02:13,120 --> 00:02:15,350 just a few moments later later we're at orbital speed just under 18 000 miles an 130 00:02:15,350 --> 00:02:15,360 orbital speed just under 18 000 miles an 131 00:02:15,360 --> 00:02:16,630 orbital speed just under 18 000 miles an hour and we did all that in eight 132 00:02:16,630 --> 00:02:16,640 hour and we did all that in eight 133 00:02:16,640 --> 00:02:18,390 hour and we did all that in eight minutes and 42 seconds 134 00:02:18,390 --> 00:02:18,400 minutes and 42 seconds 135 00:02:18,400 --> 00:02:20,070 minutes and 42 seconds so you can imagine the ride and the 136 00:02:20,070 --> 00:02:20,080 so you can imagine the ride and the 137 00:02:20,080 --> 00:02:23,430 so you can imagine the ride and the acceleration was quite unbelievable 138 00:02:23,430 --> 00:02:23,440 acceleration was quite unbelievable 139 00:02:23,440 --> 00:02:25,190 acceleration was quite unbelievable at main engine cutoff we went from three 140 00:02:25,190 --> 00:02:25,200 at main engine cutoff we went from three 141 00:02:25,200 --> 00:02:26,710 at main engine cutoff we went from three g's to almost zero g 142 00:02:26,710 --> 00:02:26,720 g's to almost zero g 143 00:02:26,720 --> 00:02:28,550 g's to almost zero g uh instantaneously it was quite a 144 00:02:28,550 --> 00:02:28,560 uh instantaneously it was quite a 145 00:02:28,560 --> 00:02:30,309 uh instantaneously it was quite a spectacular sensation 146 00:02:30,309 --> 00:02:30,319 spectacular sensation 147 00:02:30,319 --> 00:02:32,229 spectacular sensation my first job was to film the external 148 00:02:32,229 --> 00:02:32,239 my first job was to film the external 149 00:02:32,239 --> 00:02:34,390 my first job was to film the external tank which was flying in close 150 00:02:34,390 --> 00:02:34,400 tank which was flying in close 151 00:02:34,400 --> 00:02:36,309 tank which was flying in close formation with us for post-flight 152 00:02:36,309 --> 00:02:36,319 formation with us for post-flight 153 00:02:36,319 --> 00:02:37,670 formation with us for post-flight analysis before it re-entered the 154 00:02:37,670 --> 00:02:37,680 analysis before it re-entered the 155 00:02:37,680 --> 00:02:39,509 analysis before it re-entered the earth's atmosphere 156 00:02:39,509 --> 00:02:39,519 earth's atmosphere 157 00:02:39,519 --> 00:02:40,630 earth's atmosphere and one of the first things we do when 158 00:02:40,630 --> 00:02:40,640 and one of the first things we do when 159 00:02:40,640 --> 00:02:42,550 and one of the first things we do when we get to orbit is open the payload bay 160 00:02:42,550 --> 00:02:42,560 we get to orbit is open the payload bay 161 00:02:42,560 --> 00:02:43,830 we get to orbit is open the payload bay doors and we do that 162 00:02:43,830 --> 00:02:43,840 doors and we do that 163 00:02:43,840 --> 00:02:45,509 doors and we do that for thermal reasons but it's also a 164 00:02:45,509 --> 00:02:45,519 for thermal reasons but it's also a 165 00:02:45,519 --> 00:02:46,949 for thermal reasons but it's also a pretty exciting event for the crew 166 00:02:46,949 --> 00:02:46,959 pretty exciting event for the crew 167 00:02:46,959 --> 00:02:48,550 pretty exciting event for the crew because it gives us our first 168 00:02:48,550 --> 00:02:48,560 because it gives us our first 169 00:02:48,560 --> 00:02:51,509 because it gives us our first real view of the earth from space the 170 00:02:51,509 --> 00:02:51,519 real view of the earth from space the 171 00:02:51,519 --> 00:02:53,670 real view of the earth from space the first day was very busy with activation 172 00:02:53,670 --> 00:02:53,680 first day was very busy with activation 173 00:02:53,680 --> 00:02:54,949 first day was very busy with activation of all the payloads including the 174 00:02:54,949 --> 00:02:54,959 of all the payloads including the 175 00:02:54,959 --> 00:02:56,070 of all the payloads including the crystal spa 176 00:02:56,070 --> 00:02:56,080 crystal spa 177 00:02:56,080 --> 00:02:57,750 crystal spa you see kurt and joe in the fourth 178 00:02:57,750 --> 00:02:57,760 you see kurt and joe in the fourth 179 00:02:57,760 --> 00:02:59,990 you see kurt and joe in the fourth flight deck controlling the digital 180 00:02:59,990 --> 00:03:00,000 flight deck controlling the digital 181 00:03:00,000 --> 00:03:01,270 flight deck controlling the digital autopilot and also 182 00:03:01,270 --> 00:03:01,280 autopilot and also 183 00:03:01,280 --> 00:03:03,190 autopilot and also keeping the big picture of all on all 184 00:03:03,190 --> 00:03:03,200 keeping the big picture of all on all 185 00:03:03,200 --> 00:03:04,470 keeping the big picture of all on all the systems 186 00:03:04,470 --> 00:03:04,480 the systems 187 00:03:04,480 --> 00:03:06,790 the systems while on the aft flight deck ellen is 188 00:03:06,790 --> 00:03:06,800 while on the aft flight deck ellen is 189 00:03:06,800 --> 00:03:07,589 while on the aft flight deck ellen is flying the 190 00:03:07,589 --> 00:03:07,599 flying the 191 00:03:07,599 --> 00:03:10,309 flying the robot arm to grapple the crystal spa 192 00:03:10,309 --> 00:03:10,319 robot arm to grapple the crystal spa 193 00:03:10,319 --> 00:03:12,869 robot arm to grapple the crystal spa with a special electrical connector 194 00:03:12,869 --> 00:03:12,879 with a special electrical connector 195 00:03:12,879 --> 00:03:15,430 with a special electrical connector to activate the batteries you see the 196 00:03:15,430 --> 00:03:15,440 to activate the batteries you see the 197 00:03:15,440 --> 00:03:17,030 to activate the batteries you see the arm closing to the payload 198 00:03:17,030 --> 00:03:17,040 arm closing to the payload 199 00:03:17,040 --> 00:03:19,589 arm closing to the payload you can see the target which is a very 200 00:03:19,589 --> 00:03:19,599 you can see the target which is a very 201 00:03:19,599 --> 00:03:21,270 you can see the target which is a very important visual cue for the arm 202 00:03:21,270 --> 00:03:21,280 important visual cue for the arm 203 00:03:21,280 --> 00:03:22,790 important visual cue for the arm operator to center 204 00:03:22,790 --> 00:03:22,800 operator to center 205 00:03:22,800 --> 00:03:25,190 operator to center the end effector and the snares around 206 00:03:25,190 --> 00:03:25,200 the end effector and the snares around 207 00:03:25,200 --> 00:03:27,190 the end effector and the snares around the grapple fixture 208 00:03:27,190 --> 00:03:27,200 the grapple fixture 209 00:03:27,200 --> 00:03:30,070 the grapple fixture then comes time for the deploy and 210 00:03:30,070 --> 00:03:30,080 then comes time for the deploy and 211 00:03:30,080 --> 00:03:32,070 then comes time for the deploy and starting with the unbirth of the payload 212 00:03:32,070 --> 00:03:32,080 starting with the unbirth of the payload 213 00:03:32,080 --> 00:03:35,430 starting with the unbirth of the payload very smoothly to prevent any uh 214 00:03:35,430 --> 00:03:35,440 very smoothly to prevent any uh 215 00:03:35,440 --> 00:03:37,270 very smoothly to prevent any uh saturation of the gyros on board the 216 00:03:37,270 --> 00:03:37,280 saturation of the gyros on board the 217 00:03:37,280 --> 00:03:38,630 saturation of the gyros on board the crystal spa 218 00:03:38,630 --> 00:03:38,640 crystal spa 219 00:03:38,640 --> 00:03:41,270 crystal spa and then maneuver from the low hover to 220 00:03:41,270 --> 00:03:41,280 and then maneuver from the low hover to 221 00:03:41,280 --> 00:03:42,949 and then maneuver from the low hover to the release attitude 222 00:03:42,949 --> 00:03:42,959 the release attitude 223 00:03:42,959 --> 00:03:45,110 the release attitude you can see the mass antenna moving 224 00:03:45,110 --> 00:03:45,120 you can see the mass antenna moving 225 00:03:45,120 --> 00:03:47,509 you can see the mass antenna moving scanning the atmosphere 226 00:03:47,509 --> 00:03:47,519 scanning the atmosphere 227 00:03:47,519 --> 00:03:49,270 scanning the atmosphere this is quite a long maneuver from the 228 00:03:49,270 --> 00:03:49,280 this is quite a long maneuver from the 229 00:03:49,280 --> 00:03:51,670 this is quite a long maneuver from the low hover to read his attitude 230 00:03:51,670 --> 00:03:51,680 low hover to read his attitude 231 00:03:51,680 --> 00:03:54,470 low hover to read his attitude crystal spa is a composition of the 232 00:03:54,470 --> 00:03:54,480 crystal spa is a composition of the 233 00:03:54,480 --> 00:03:56,630 crystal spa is a composition of the platform spa and the instrument christa 234 00:03:56,630 --> 00:03:56,640 platform spa and the instrument christa 235 00:03:56,640 --> 00:03:57,270 platform spa and the instrument christa and marcy 236 00:03:57,270 --> 00:03:57,280 and marcy 237 00:03:57,280 --> 00:03:59,990 and marcy krista stands for cryogenic infrared 238 00:03:59,990 --> 00:04:00,000 krista stands for cryogenic infrared 239 00:04:00,000 --> 00:04:01,830 krista stands for cryogenic infrared spectrometers and telescope for the 240 00:04:01,830 --> 00:04:01,840 spectrometers and telescope for the 241 00:04:01,840 --> 00:04:02,789 spectrometers and telescope for the atmosphere 242 00:04:02,789 --> 00:04:02,799 atmosphere 243 00:04:02,799 --> 00:04:05,190 atmosphere and with the three telescopes on board 244 00:04:05,190 --> 00:04:05,200 and with the three telescopes on board 245 00:04:05,200 --> 00:04:06,229 and with the three telescopes on board and 246 00:04:06,229 --> 00:04:06,239 and 247 00:04:06,239 --> 00:04:09,350 and very high speed sensors it collects a 248 00:04:09,350 --> 00:04:09,360 very high speed sensors it collects a 249 00:04:09,360 --> 00:04:11,670 very high speed sensors it collects a very high space resolution data of the 250 00:04:11,670 --> 00:04:11,680 very high space resolution data of the 251 00:04:11,680 --> 00:04:14,630 very high space resolution data of the middle atmosphere 252 00:04:14,630 --> 00:04:14,640 middle atmosphere 253 00:04:14,640 --> 00:04:16,949 middle atmosphere and when we get ready on the opposite 254 00:04:16,949 --> 00:04:16,959 and when we get ready on the opposite 255 00:04:16,959 --> 00:04:19,909 and when we get ready on the opposite side as well as on crystal for release 256 00:04:19,909 --> 00:04:19,919 side as well as on crystal for release 257 00:04:19,919 --> 00:04:23,670 side as well as on crystal for release i check the trigger to open the snares 258 00:04:23,670 --> 00:04:23,680 i check the trigger to open the snares 259 00:04:23,680 --> 00:04:26,629 i check the trigger to open the snares in order to start the release and you 260 00:04:26,629 --> 00:04:26,639 in order to start the release and you 261 00:04:26,639 --> 00:04:30,550 in order to start the release and you can see now the end effector 262 00:04:30,550 --> 00:04:30,560 263 00:04:30,560 --> 00:04:34,230 backing away from the payload 264 00:04:34,230 --> 00:04:34,240 backing away from the payload 265 00:04:34,240 --> 00:04:35,830 backing away from the payload very nice view of the earth from the 266 00:04:35,830 --> 00:04:35,840 very nice view of the earth from the 267 00:04:35,840 --> 00:04:37,270 very nice view of the earth from the background and 268 00:04:37,270 --> 00:04:37,280 background and 269 00:04:37,280 --> 00:04:40,390 background and when the arm stops at a few feet from 270 00:04:40,390 --> 00:04:40,400 when the arm stops at a few feet from 271 00:04:40,400 --> 00:04:41,430 when the arm stops at a few feet from the payload 272 00:04:41,430 --> 00:04:41,440 the payload 273 00:04:41,440 --> 00:04:44,469 the payload down from the aft flight deck will fire 274 00:04:44,469 --> 00:04:44,479 down from the aft flight deck will fire 275 00:04:44,479 --> 00:04:45,030 down from the aft flight deck will fire the 276 00:04:45,030 --> 00:04:45,040 the 277 00:04:45,040 --> 00:04:52,710 the first separation maneuver 278 00:04:52,710 --> 00:04:52,720 279 00:04:52,720 --> 00:04:54,629 and once the deploy is complete the 280 00:04:54,629 --> 00:04:54,639 and once the deploy is complete the 281 00:04:54,639 --> 00:04:56,310 and once the deploy is complete the ground team and the crew on board is 282 00:04:56,310 --> 00:04:56,320 ground team and the crew on board is 283 00:04:56,320 --> 00:04:57,590 ground team and the crew on board is very happy with the successful 284 00:04:57,590 --> 00:04:57,600 very happy with the successful 285 00:04:57,600 --> 00:04:59,430 very happy with the successful deployment 286 00:04:59,430 --> 00:04:59,440 deployment 287 00:04:59,440 --> 00:05:01,430 deployment here's a view of the payload bay showing 288 00:05:01,430 --> 00:05:01,440 here's a view of the payload bay showing 289 00:05:01,440 --> 00:05:03,670 here's a view of the payload bay showing the atmospheric and solar science 290 00:05:03,670 --> 00:05:03,680 the atmospheric and solar science 291 00:05:03,680 --> 00:05:04,870 the atmospheric and solar science instruments 292 00:05:04,870 --> 00:05:04,880 instruments 293 00:05:04,880 --> 00:05:06,469 instruments the main structure that you see is the 294 00:05:06,469 --> 00:05:06,479 the main structure that you see is the 295 00:05:06,479 --> 00:05:08,629 the main structure that you see is the space lab pallet with these six 296 00:05:08,629 --> 00:05:08,639 space lab pallet with these six 297 00:05:08,639 --> 00:05:11,430 space lab pallet with these six atlas instruments on board as well as a 298 00:05:11,430 --> 00:05:11,440 atlas instruments on board as well as a 299 00:05:11,440 --> 00:05:13,189 atlas instruments on board as well as a lot of the support equipment 300 00:05:13,189 --> 00:05:13,199 lot of the support equipment 301 00:05:13,199 --> 00:05:15,189 lot of the support equipment this is a close-up of some of the solar 302 00:05:15,189 --> 00:05:15,199 this is a close-up of some of the solar 303 00:05:15,199 --> 00:05:16,790 this is a close-up of some of the solar instruments and you see the door opening 304 00:05:16,790 --> 00:05:16,800 instruments and you see the door opening 305 00:05:16,800 --> 00:05:18,950 instruments and you see the door opening on solcon which measures the 306 00:05:18,950 --> 00:05:18,960 on solcon which measures the 307 00:05:18,960 --> 00:05:21,430 on solcon which measures the amount of energy coming from the sun and 308 00:05:21,430 --> 00:05:21,440 amount of energy coming from the sun and 309 00:05:21,440 --> 00:05:23,110 amount of energy coming from the sun and this is another view of the payload bay 310 00:05:23,110 --> 00:05:23,120 this is another view of the payload bay 311 00:05:23,120 --> 00:05:24,710 this is another view of the payload bay taken from the camera that's on the 312 00:05:24,710 --> 00:05:24,720 taken from the camera that's on the 313 00:05:24,720 --> 00:05:27,990 taken from the camera that's on the elbow joint of the robotic arm 314 00:05:27,990 --> 00:05:28,000 elbow joint of the robotic arm 315 00:05:28,000 --> 00:05:30,150 elbow joint of the robotic arm here's a view of ssbuv an ozone 316 00:05:30,150 --> 00:05:30,160 here's a view of ssbuv an ozone 317 00:05:30,160 --> 00:05:32,070 here's a view of ssbuv an ozone measuring instrument as the door opens 318 00:05:32,070 --> 00:05:32,080 measuring instrument as the door opens 319 00:05:32,080 --> 00:05:33,830 measuring instrument as the door opens and it begins to measure the back 320 00:05:33,830 --> 00:05:33,840 and it begins to measure the back 321 00:05:33,840 --> 00:05:34,390 and it begins to measure the back scattered 322 00:05:34,390 --> 00:05:34,400 scattered 323 00:05:34,400 --> 00:05:36,629 scattered ultraviolet light from the earth which 324 00:05:36,629 --> 00:05:36,639 ultraviolet light from the earth which 325 00:05:36,639 --> 00:05:37,990 ultraviolet light from the earth which will allow it to measure 326 00:05:37,990 --> 00:05:38,000 will allow it to measure 327 00:05:38,000 --> 00:05:41,029 will allow it to measure ozone this is the escape payload a solar 328 00:05:41,029 --> 00:05:41,039 ozone this is the escape payload a solar 329 00:05:41,039 --> 00:05:42,790 ozone this is the escape payload a solar physics experiment sponsored by the 330 00:05:42,790 --> 00:05:42,800 physics experiment sponsored by the 331 00:05:42,800 --> 00:05:44,310 physics experiment sponsored by the university of colorado 332 00:05:44,310 --> 00:05:44,320 university of colorado 333 00:05:44,320 --> 00:05:45,990 university of colorado and it took advantage of four solar 334 00:05:45,990 --> 00:05:46,000 and it took advantage of four solar 335 00:05:46,000 --> 00:05:49,430 and it took advantage of four solar viewing periods throughout the flight 336 00:05:49,430 --> 00:05:49,440 337 00:05:49,440 --> 00:05:51,270 this is the assembly of one of the 338 00:05:51,270 --> 00:05:51,280 this is the assembly of one of the 339 00:05:51,280 --> 00:05:53,670 this is the assembly of one of the biggest secondary period in the mid deck 340 00:05:53,670 --> 00:05:53,680 biggest secondary period in the mid deck 341 00:05:53,680 --> 00:05:55,990 biggest secondary period in the mid deck heat pipe performance experiment 342 00:05:55,990 --> 00:05:56,000 heat pipe performance experiment 343 00:05:56,000 --> 00:05:57,830 heat pipe performance experiment dedicated to testing the heat pipes 344 00:05:57,830 --> 00:05:57,840 dedicated to testing the heat pipes 345 00:05:57,840 --> 00:05:59,189 dedicated to testing the heat pipes extensively used on both 346 00:05:59,189 --> 00:05:59,199 extensively used on both 347 00:05:59,199 --> 00:06:02,070 extensively used on both automatic satellites to cool electronics 348 00:06:02,070 --> 00:06:02,080 automatic satellites to cool electronics 349 00:06:02,080 --> 00:06:03,350 automatic satellites to cool electronics elen is 350 00:06:03,350 --> 00:06:03,360 elen is 351 00:06:03,360 --> 00:06:05,909 elen is currently running a spin test where 352 00:06:05,909 --> 00:06:05,919 currently running a spin test where 353 00:06:05,919 --> 00:06:06,710 currently running a spin test where pipes are 354 00:06:06,710 --> 00:06:06,720 pipes are 355 00:06:06,720 --> 00:06:09,670 pipes are spinning to see how centrifugal force 356 00:06:09,670 --> 00:06:09,680 spinning to see how centrifugal force 357 00:06:09,680 --> 00:06:11,510 spinning to see how centrifugal force prevents the heat pipe to work properly 358 00:06:11,510 --> 00:06:11,520 prevents the heat pipe to work properly 359 00:06:11,520 --> 00:06:12,950 prevents the heat pipe to work properly and we could set the 360 00:06:12,950 --> 00:06:12,960 and we could set the 361 00:06:12,960 --> 00:06:15,510 and we could set the power as well as the spin rate we had 362 00:06:15,510 --> 00:06:15,520 power as well as the spin rate we had 363 00:06:15,520 --> 00:06:18,150 power as well as the spin rate we had also pgac to help collecting data 364 00:06:18,150 --> 00:06:18,160 also pgac to help collecting data 365 00:06:18,160 --> 00:06:19,749 also pgac to help collecting data this is the protein crystal growth 366 00:06:19,749 --> 00:06:19,759 this is the protein crystal growth 367 00:06:19,759 --> 00:06:21,830 this is the protein crystal growth experiment we had two on board 368 00:06:21,830 --> 00:06:21,840 experiment we had two on board 369 00:06:21,840 --> 00:06:25,350 experiment we had two on board and we've been told that uh we had uh 370 00:06:25,350 --> 00:06:25,360 and we've been told that uh we had uh 371 00:06:25,360 --> 00:06:26,950 and we've been told that uh we had uh the highest yield of some of the highest 372 00:06:26,950 --> 00:06:26,960 the highest yield of some of the highest 373 00:06:26,960 --> 00:06:29,189 the highest yield of some of the highest quality protein crystals they've ever 374 00:06:29,189 --> 00:06:29,199 quality protein crystals they've ever 375 00:06:29,199 --> 00:06:30,070 quality protein crystals they've ever seen since uh 376 00:06:30,070 --> 00:06:30,080 seen since uh 377 00:06:30,080 --> 00:06:31,830 seen since uh protein crystal growth experiments have 378 00:06:31,830 --> 00:06:31,840 protein crystal growth experiments have 379 00:06:31,840 --> 00:06:33,430 protein crystal growth experiments have flown on shuttle 380 00:06:33,430 --> 00:06:33,440 flown on shuttle 381 00:06:33,440 --> 00:06:35,830 flown on shuttle and the crystals will ultimately be used 382 00:06:35,830 --> 00:06:35,840 and the crystals will ultimately be used 383 00:06:35,840 --> 00:06:36,710 and the crystals will ultimately be used to determine 384 00:06:36,710 --> 00:06:36,720 to determine 385 00:06:36,720 --> 00:06:39,270 to determine their three-dimensional structure and 386 00:06:39,270 --> 00:06:39,280 their three-dimensional structure and 387 00:06:39,280 --> 00:06:41,830 their three-dimensional structure and ultimately lead to 388 00:06:41,830 --> 00:06:41,840 ultimately lead to 389 00:06:41,840 --> 00:06:44,629 ultimately lead to better pharmaceutical development and 390 00:06:44,629 --> 00:06:44,639 better pharmaceutical development and 391 00:06:44,639 --> 00:06:45,670 better pharmaceutical development and this is a 392 00:06:45,670 --> 00:06:45,680 this is a 393 00:06:45,680 --> 00:06:48,070 this is a close-up of one of the chambers showing 394 00:06:48,070 --> 00:06:48,080 close-up of one of the chambers showing 395 00:06:48,080 --> 00:06:48,790 close-up of one of the chambers showing some beautiful 396 00:06:48,790 --> 00:06:48,800 some beautiful 397 00:06:48,800 --> 00:06:54,150 some beautiful very large protein crystals 398 00:06:54,150 --> 00:06:54,160 399 00:06:54,160 --> 00:06:56,390 three gold boxes that you'll see in the 400 00:06:56,390 --> 00:06:56,400 three gold boxes that you'll see in the 401 00:06:56,400 --> 00:06:57,830 three gold boxes that you'll see in the frame here on the locker doors where the 402 00:06:57,830 --> 00:06:57,840 frame here on the locker doors where the 403 00:06:57,840 --> 00:06:59,270 frame here on the locker doors where the accelerometers for the shuttle 404 00:06:59,270 --> 00:06:59,280 accelerometers for the shuttle 405 00:06:59,280 --> 00:07:01,189 accelerometers for the shuttle acceleration monument system 406 00:07:01,189 --> 00:07:01,199 acceleration monument system 407 00:07:01,199 --> 00:07:03,350 acceleration monument system sams and we used that equipment to 408 00:07:03,350 --> 00:07:03,360 sams and we used that equipment to 409 00:07:03,360 --> 00:07:04,870 sams and we used that equipment to document the micro gravity environment 410 00:07:04,870 --> 00:07:04,880 document the micro gravity environment 411 00:07:04,880 --> 00:07:05,909 document the micro gravity environment on the orbiter 412 00:07:05,909 --> 00:07:05,919 on the orbiter 413 00:07:05,919 --> 00:07:07,350 on the orbiter this is a piece of equipment called 414 00:07:07,350 --> 00:07:07,360 this is a piece of equipment called 415 00:07:07,360 --> 00:07:10,070 this is a piece of equipment called albert that jean francois and i used 416 00:07:10,070 --> 00:07:10,080 albert that jean francois and i used 417 00:07:10,080 --> 00:07:11,589 albert that jean francois and i used to position ourselves when we were 418 00:07:11,589 --> 00:07:11,599 to position ourselves when we were 419 00:07:11,599 --> 00:07:13,749 to position ourselves when we were operating the robotic arm for the deploy 420 00:07:13,749 --> 00:07:13,759 operating the robotic arm for the deploy 421 00:07:13,759 --> 00:07:15,510 operating the robotic arm for the deploy and the retrieve 422 00:07:15,510 --> 00:07:15,520 and the retrieve 423 00:07:15,520 --> 00:07:17,589 and the retrieve our galley was the focal point of life 424 00:07:17,589 --> 00:07:17,599 our galley was the focal point of life 425 00:07:17,599 --> 00:07:18,710 our galley was the focal point of life on orbit 426 00:07:18,710 --> 00:07:18,720 on orbit 427 00:07:18,720 --> 00:07:20,870 on orbit we hydrate some of our food with hot or 428 00:07:20,870 --> 00:07:20,880 we hydrate some of our food with hot or 429 00:07:20,880 --> 00:07:23,110 we hydrate some of our food with hot or cold water as indicated on the package 430 00:07:23,110 --> 00:07:23,120 cold water as indicated on the package 431 00:07:23,120 --> 00:07:24,629 cold water as indicated on the package then we cut the package open and eat the 432 00:07:24,629 --> 00:07:24,639 then we cut the package open and eat the 433 00:07:24,639 --> 00:07:27,430 then we cut the package open and eat the food with a spoon 434 00:07:27,430 --> 00:07:27,440 food with a spoon 435 00:07:27,440 --> 00:07:28,870 food with a spoon even after all those years of being told 436 00:07:28,870 --> 00:07:28,880 even after all those years of being told 437 00:07:28,880 --> 00:07:30,550 even after all those years of being told not to play with your food when eating 438 00:07:30,550 --> 00:07:30,560 not to play with your food when eating 439 00:07:30,560 --> 00:07:32,150 not to play with your food when eating in space it's almost too much fun to 440 00:07:32,150 --> 00:07:32,160 in space it's almost too much fun to 441 00:07:32,160 --> 00:07:36,950 in space it's almost too much fun to resist 442 00:07:36,950 --> 00:07:36,960 443 00:07:36,960 --> 00:07:38,950 jeans francois invented a new dish 444 00:07:38,950 --> 00:07:38,960 jeans francois invented a new dish 445 00:07:38,960 --> 00:07:42,150 jeans francois invented a new dish shrimp cocktail on a tortilla 446 00:07:42,150 --> 00:07:42,160 shrimp cocktail on a tortilla 447 00:07:42,160 --> 00:07:44,550 shrimp cocktail on a tortilla i think building the trim fajita was 448 00:07:44,550 --> 00:07:44,560 i think building the trim fajita was 449 00:07:44,560 --> 00:07:46,230 i think building the trim fajita was half the fun 450 00:07:46,230 --> 00:07:46,240 half the fun 451 00:07:46,240 --> 00:07:53,510 half the fun of course eating it was pretty good too 452 00:07:53,510 --> 00:07:53,520 453 00:07:53,520 --> 00:07:55,350 we had plenty of cameras on board to 454 00:07:55,350 --> 00:07:55,360 we had plenty of cameras on board to 455 00:07:55,360 --> 00:07:56,950 we had plenty of cameras on board to document not only our in-cabin 456 00:07:56,950 --> 00:07:56,960 document not only our in-cabin 457 00:07:56,960 --> 00:07:59,029 document not only our in-cabin activities but also the extensive earth 458 00:07:59,029 --> 00:07:59,039 activities but also the extensive earth 459 00:07:59,039 --> 00:08:01,110 activities but also the extensive earth obs potential we had on our 57 degree 460 00:08:01,110 --> 00:08:01,120 obs potential we had on our 57 degree 461 00:08:01,120 --> 00:08:03,029 obs potential we had on our 57 degree inclination flight 462 00:08:03,029 --> 00:08:03,039 inclination flight 463 00:08:03,039 --> 00:08:05,430 inclination flight we took over 6 000 frames of film on our 464 00:08:05,430 --> 00:08:05,440 we took over 6 000 frames of film on our 465 00:08:05,440 --> 00:08:07,029 we took over 6 000 frames of film on our 11 day mission 466 00:08:07,029 --> 00:08:07,039 11 day mission 467 00:08:07,039 --> 00:08:08,869 11 day mission and it's a it's a great opportunity to 468 00:08:08,869 --> 00:08:08,879 and it's a it's a great opportunity to 469 00:08:08,879 --> 00:08:10,790 and it's a it's a great opportunity to see the world without boundaries 470 00:08:10,790 --> 00:08:10,800 see the world without boundaries 471 00:08:10,800 --> 00:08:12,950 see the world without boundaries and also to get a better feel for 472 00:08:12,950 --> 00:08:12,960 and also to get a better feel for 473 00:08:12,960 --> 00:08:13,909 and also to get a better feel for meteorology 474 00:08:13,909 --> 00:08:13,919 meteorology 475 00:08:13,919 --> 00:08:16,869 meteorology oceanography and geology this is a 476 00:08:16,869 --> 00:08:16,879 oceanography and geology this is a 477 00:08:16,879 --> 00:08:18,550 oceanography and geology this is a tremendous view 478 00:08:18,550 --> 00:08:18,560 tremendous view 479 00:08:18,560 --> 00:08:21,110 tremendous view of plate tectonics in action this is the 480 00:08:21,110 --> 00:08:21,120 of plate tectonics in action this is the 481 00:08:21,120 --> 00:08:22,230 of plate tectonics in action this is the indian plate 482 00:08:22,230 --> 00:08:22,240 indian plate 483 00:08:22,240 --> 00:08:25,029 indian plate meeting asia arising in the himalaya 484 00:08:25,029 --> 00:08:25,039 meeting asia arising in the himalaya 485 00:08:25,039 --> 00:08:27,110 meeting asia arising in the himalaya range and in the foreground 486 00:08:27,110 --> 00:08:27,120 range and in the foreground 487 00:08:27,120 --> 00:08:29,270 range and in the foreground you can see the ganges river here 488 00:08:29,270 --> 00:08:29,280 you can see the ganges river here 489 00:08:29,280 --> 00:08:31,270 you can see the ganges river here several of its tributaries and alluvial 490 00:08:31,270 --> 00:08:31,280 several of its tributaries and alluvial 491 00:08:31,280 --> 00:08:31,830 several of its tributaries and alluvial fans 492 00:08:31,830 --> 00:08:31,840 fans 493 00:08:31,840 --> 00:08:34,149 fans that feed into the ganges and the 494 00:08:34,149 --> 00:08:34,159 that feed into the ganges and the 495 00:08:34,159 --> 00:08:36,310 that feed into the ganges and the foothills to the himalaya range 496 00:08:36,310 --> 00:08:36,320 foothills to the himalaya range 497 00:08:36,320 --> 00:08:37,990 foothills to the himalaya range this is literally the roof of the world 498 00:08:37,990 --> 00:08:38,000 this is literally the roof of the world 499 00:08:38,000 --> 00:08:40,230 this is literally the roof of the world there are several eight 000 meter peaks 500 00:08:40,230 --> 00:08:40,240 there are several eight 000 meter peaks 501 00:08:40,240 --> 00:08:42,949 there are several eight 000 meter peaks in this field of view here including 502 00:08:42,949 --> 00:08:42,959 in this field of view here including 503 00:08:42,959 --> 00:08:44,470 in this field of view here including mount everest and 504 00:08:44,470 --> 00:08:44,480 mount everest and 505 00:08:44,480 --> 00:08:47,670 mount everest and annapurna uh just a gorgeous uh 506 00:08:47,670 --> 00:08:47,680 annapurna uh just a gorgeous uh 507 00:08:47,680 --> 00:08:49,350 annapurna uh just a gorgeous uh sight that the blue shift had a chance 508 00:08:49,350 --> 00:08:49,360 sight that the blue shift had a chance 509 00:08:49,360 --> 00:08:51,430 sight that the blue shift had a chance to see on several passes 510 00:08:51,430 --> 00:08:51,440 to see on several passes 511 00:08:51,440 --> 00:08:53,350 to see on several passes uh up at the top of the the field here 512 00:08:53,350 --> 00:08:53,360 uh up at the top of the the field here 513 00:08:53,360 --> 00:08:55,110 uh up at the top of the the field here is bowtie lake 514 00:08:55,110 --> 00:08:55,120 is bowtie lake 515 00:08:55,120 --> 00:08:57,030 is bowtie lake one of the landmarks that we use to 516 00:08:57,030 --> 00:08:57,040 one of the landmarks that we use to 517 00:08:57,040 --> 00:08:59,750 one of the landmarks that we use to identify mount everest as we go by 518 00:08:59,750 --> 00:08:59,760 identify mount everest as we go by 519 00:08:59,760 --> 00:09:02,070 identify mount everest as we go by and now in the field is the tibetan 520 00:09:02,070 --> 00:09:02,080 and now in the field is the tibetan 521 00:09:02,080 --> 00:09:03,110 and now in the field is the tibetan highland 522 00:09:03,110 --> 00:09:03,120 highland 523 00:09:03,120 --> 00:09:05,350 highland it's a very arid land with a mean 524 00:09:05,350 --> 00:09:05,360 it's a very arid land with a mean 525 00:09:05,360 --> 00:09:09,829 it's a very arid land with a mean altitude of 14 000 feet above sea level 526 00:09:09,829 --> 00:09:09,839 altitude of 14 000 feet above sea level 527 00:09:09,839 --> 00:09:11,110 altitude of 14 000 feet above sea level this is a beautiful scene of the great 528 00:09:11,110 --> 00:09:11,120 this is a beautiful scene of the great 529 00:09:11,120 --> 00:09:12,870 this is a beautiful scene of the great barrier reef off the northeast coast of 530 00:09:12,870 --> 00:09:12,880 barrier reef off the northeast coast of 531 00:09:12,880 --> 00:09:14,070 barrier reef off the northeast coast of australia 532 00:09:14,070 --> 00:09:14,080 australia 533 00:09:14,080 --> 00:09:16,389 australia you can see the coral formations the 534 00:09:16,389 --> 00:09:16,399 you can see the coral formations the 535 00:09:16,399 --> 00:09:17,590 you can see the coral formations the different color 536 00:09:17,590 --> 00:09:17,600 different color 537 00:09:17,600 --> 00:09:19,590 different color water indicating different depths 538 00:09:19,590 --> 00:09:19,600 water indicating different depths 539 00:09:19,600 --> 00:09:21,350 water indicating different depths several plankton blooms and the ocean 540 00:09:21,350 --> 00:09:21,360 several plankton blooms and the ocean 541 00:09:21,360 --> 00:09:24,389 several plankton blooms and the ocean currents in the sun clint to the right 542 00:09:24,389 --> 00:09:24,399 currents in the sun clint to the right 543 00:09:24,399 --> 00:09:26,070 currents in the sun clint to the right we had the opportunity to see several 544 00:09:26,070 --> 00:09:26,080 we had the opportunity to see several 545 00:09:26,080 --> 00:09:27,990 we had the opportunity to see several major storms while we were on orbit 546 00:09:27,990 --> 00:09:28,000 major storms while we were on orbit 547 00:09:28,000 --> 00:09:29,750 major storms while we were on orbit this one was hurricane florence that 548 00:09:29,750 --> 00:09:29,760 this one was hurricane florence that 549 00:09:29,760 --> 00:09:31,509 this one was hurricane florence that occurred early in our flight 550 00:09:31,509 --> 00:09:31,519 occurred early in our flight 551 00:09:31,519 --> 00:09:33,590 occurred early in our flight we had to had the opportunity to pass by 552 00:09:33,590 --> 00:09:33,600 we had to had the opportunity to pass by 553 00:09:33,600 --> 00:09:35,910 we had to had the opportunity to pass by and zoom in on the eye of the hurricane 554 00:09:35,910 --> 00:09:35,920 and zoom in on the eye of the hurricane 555 00:09:35,920 --> 00:09:40,550 and zoom in on the eye of the hurricane you can see a very well defined wall 556 00:09:40,550 --> 00:09:40,560 557 00:09:40,560 --> 00:09:42,150 we had the opportunity to exercise 558 00:09:42,150 --> 00:09:42,160 we had the opportunity to exercise 559 00:09:42,160 --> 00:09:43,750 we had the opportunity to exercise almost every day on orbit and here you 560 00:09:43,750 --> 00:09:43,760 almost every day on orbit and here you 561 00:09:43,760 --> 00:09:44,389 almost every day on orbit and here you can see 562 00:09:44,389 --> 00:09:44,399 can see 563 00:09:44,399 --> 00:09:47,030 can see jean francois enjoying the exercise the 564 00:09:47,030 --> 00:09:47,040 jean francois enjoying the exercise the 565 00:09:47,040 --> 00:09:47,990 jean francois enjoying the exercise the music and the view 566 00:09:47,990 --> 00:09:48,000 music and the view 567 00:09:48,000 --> 00:09:51,190 music and the view it was pretty spectacular to do that 568 00:09:51,190 --> 00:09:51,200 it was pretty spectacular to do that 569 00:09:51,200 --> 00:09:52,389 it was pretty spectacular to do that this is a view of the inner limb 570 00:09:52,389 --> 00:09:52,399 this is a view of the inner limb 571 00:09:52,399 --> 00:09:55,030 this is a view of the inner limb resistance device an exercise 572 00:09:55,030 --> 00:09:55,040 resistance device an exercise 573 00:09:55,040 --> 00:09:56,870 resistance device an exercise device that i developed when i was out 574 00:09:56,870 --> 00:09:56,880 device that i developed when i was out 575 00:09:56,880 --> 00:09:58,070 device that i developed when i was out at ames with one of my 576 00:09:58,070 --> 00:09:58,080 at ames with one of my 577 00:09:58,080 --> 00:10:00,230 at ames with one of my colleagues there and it allows us to 578 00:10:00,230 --> 00:10:00,240 colleagues there and it allows us to 579 00:10:00,240 --> 00:10:02,150 colleagues there and it allows us to exercise all of our anti-gravity muscles 580 00:10:02,150 --> 00:10:02,160 exercise all of our anti-gravity muscles 581 00:10:02,160 --> 00:10:04,069 exercise all of our anti-gravity muscles while we're in space with minimal impact 582 00:10:04,069 --> 00:10:04,079 while we're in space with minimal impact 583 00:10:04,079 --> 00:10:05,269 while we're in space with minimal impact to the orbiter 584 00:10:05,269 --> 00:10:05,279 to the orbiter 585 00:10:05,279 --> 00:10:06,870 to the orbiter in addition it allows us to preserve 586 00:10:06,870 --> 00:10:06,880 in addition it allows us to preserve 587 00:10:06,880 --> 00:10:08,630 in addition it allows us to preserve some of our neuromuscular coordination 588 00:10:08,630 --> 00:10:08,640 some of our neuromuscular coordination 589 00:10:08,640 --> 00:10:09,750 some of our neuromuscular coordination when we return 590 00:10:09,750 --> 00:10:09,760 when we return 591 00:10:09,760 --> 00:10:11,990 when we return back home we can also reconfigure for 592 00:10:11,990 --> 00:10:12,000 back home we can also reconfigure for 593 00:10:12,000 --> 00:10:15,910 back home we can also reconfigure for upper body exercises 594 00:10:15,910 --> 00:10:15,920 595 00:10:15,920 --> 00:10:18,069 during our half day off we had a chance 596 00:10:18,069 --> 00:10:18,079 during our half day off we had a chance 597 00:10:18,079 --> 00:10:19,910 during our half day off we had a chance to play with zero gravity 598 00:10:19,910 --> 00:10:19,920 to play with zero gravity 599 00:10:19,920 --> 00:10:21,430 to play with zero gravity and perhaps my drill instructor from 600 00:10:21,430 --> 00:10:21,440 and perhaps my drill instructor from 601 00:10:21,440 --> 00:10:22,710 and perhaps my drill instructor from officer school would be impressed with 602 00:10:22,710 --> 00:10:22,720 officer school would be impressed with 603 00:10:22,720 --> 00:10:29,350 officer school would be impressed with this maneuver 604 00:10:29,350 --> 00:10:29,360 605 00:10:29,360 --> 00:10:31,430 another big challenge during our little 606 00:10:31,430 --> 00:10:31,440 another big challenge during our little 607 00:10:31,440 --> 00:10:32,710 another big challenge during our little free time on orbit was 608 00:10:32,710 --> 00:10:32,720 free time on orbit was 609 00:10:32,720 --> 00:10:35,430 free time on orbit was with scott and i trying to rendezvous 610 00:10:35,430 --> 00:10:35,440 with scott and i trying to rendezvous 611 00:10:35,440 --> 00:10:38,310 with scott and i trying to rendezvous two big bubbles of water together and uh 612 00:10:38,310 --> 00:10:38,320 two big bubbles of water together and uh 613 00:10:38,320 --> 00:10:40,069 two big bubbles of water together and uh we managed to do that also it's very 614 00:10:40,069 --> 00:10:40,079 we managed to do that also it's very 615 00:10:40,079 --> 00:10:42,230 we managed to do that also it's very difficult to handle this uh 616 00:10:42,230 --> 00:10:42,240 difficult to handle this uh 617 00:10:42,240 --> 00:10:47,350 difficult to handle this uh soft uh big bubble in the mid deck 618 00:10:47,350 --> 00:10:47,360 soft uh big bubble in the mid deck 619 00:10:47,360 --> 00:10:49,030 soft uh big bubble in the mid deck and even when you want to take a cd you 620 00:10:49,030 --> 00:10:49,040 and even when you want to take a cd you 621 00:10:49,040 --> 00:10:53,269 and even when you want to take a cd you know it flies away like a frisbee 622 00:10:53,269 --> 00:10:53,279 623 00:10:53,279 --> 00:10:55,190 this is me being attacked by the morning 624 00:10:55,190 --> 00:10:55,200 this is me being attacked by the morning 625 00:10:55,200 --> 00:10:58,829 this is me being attacked by the morning mail messages from mission control one 626 00:10:58,829 --> 00:10:58,839 mail messages from mission control one 627 00:10:58,839 --> 00:11:00,069 mail messages from mission control one day 628 00:11:00,069 --> 00:11:00,079 day 629 00:11:00,079 --> 00:11:01,590 day are frequently asked how we sleep in 630 00:11:01,590 --> 00:11:01,600 are frequently asked how we sleep in 631 00:11:01,600 --> 00:11:02,870 are frequently asked how we sleep in space and though on different shifts 632 00:11:02,870 --> 00:11:02,880 space and though on different shifts 633 00:11:02,880 --> 00:11:04,230 space and though on different shifts here the three rookies 634 00:11:04,230 --> 00:11:04,240 here the three rookies 635 00:11:04,240 --> 00:11:05,910 here the three rookies are demonstrating the use of our sleep 636 00:11:05,910 --> 00:11:05,920 are demonstrating the use of our sleep 637 00:11:05,920 --> 00:11:08,310 are demonstrating the use of our sleep stations 638 00:11:08,310 --> 00:11:08,320 stations 639 00:11:08,320 --> 00:11:10,389 stations we had a peculiar phenomena occur during 640 00:11:10,389 --> 00:11:10,399 we had a peculiar phenomena occur during 641 00:11:10,399 --> 00:11:12,150 we had a peculiar phenomena occur during one of our supply water dumps we dump 642 00:11:12,150 --> 00:11:12,160 one of our supply water dumps we dump 643 00:11:12,160 --> 00:11:13,990 one of our supply water dumps we dump water overboard that's either not 644 00:11:13,990 --> 00:11:14,000 water overboard that's either not 645 00:11:14,000 --> 00:11:15,750 water overboard that's either not needed for cooling or consumption by the 646 00:11:15,750 --> 00:11:15,760 needed for cooling or consumption by the 647 00:11:15,760 --> 00:11:17,590 needed for cooling or consumption by the crew you can see in the upper left 648 00:11:17,590 --> 00:11:17,600 crew you can see in the upper left 649 00:11:17,600 --> 00:11:19,269 crew you can see in the upper left corner here is the supply water dump 650 00:11:19,269 --> 00:11:19,279 corner here is the supply water dump 651 00:11:19,279 --> 00:11:21,590 corner here is the supply water dump nozzle with a stream of water coming out 652 00:11:21,590 --> 00:11:21,600 nozzle with a stream of water coming out 653 00:11:21,600 --> 00:11:23,269 nozzle with a stream of water coming out what's building here is an icicle that 654 00:11:23,269 --> 00:11:23,279 what's building here is an icicle that 655 00:11:23,279 --> 00:11:25,750 what's building here is an icicle that formed on the 656 00:11:25,750 --> 00:11:25,760 formed on the 657 00:11:25,760 --> 00:11:28,389 formed on the outside of the cargo bay door which is 658 00:11:28,389 --> 00:11:28,399 outside of the cargo bay door which is 659 00:11:28,399 --> 00:11:30,230 outside of the cargo bay door which is off the picture to the right 660 00:11:30,230 --> 00:11:30,240 off the picture to the right 661 00:11:30,240 --> 00:11:33,030 off the picture to the right and the icicle formed and would have 662 00:11:33,030 --> 00:11:33,040 and the icicle formed and would have 663 00:11:33,040 --> 00:11:35,110 and the icicle formed and would have continued formation probably right up to 664 00:11:35,110 --> 00:11:35,120 continued formation probably right up to 665 00:11:35,120 --> 00:11:36,790 continued formation probably right up to the dump nozzle had we not stopped the 666 00:11:36,790 --> 00:11:36,800 the dump nozzle had we not stopped the 667 00:11:36,800 --> 00:11:38,389 the dump nozzle had we not stopped the dump at about this time now watch the 668 00:11:38,389 --> 00:11:38,399 dump at about this time now watch the 669 00:11:38,399 --> 00:11:42,310 dump at about this time now watch the plug here 670 00:11:42,310 --> 00:11:42,320 plug here 671 00:11:42,320 --> 00:11:44,790 plug here this is a look at the entire uh icicle 672 00:11:44,790 --> 00:11:44,800 this is a look at the entire uh icicle 673 00:11:44,800 --> 00:11:46,550 this is a look at the entire uh icicle after it had formed about six feet long 674 00:11:46,550 --> 00:11:46,560 after it had formed about six feet long 675 00:11:46,560 --> 00:11:48,069 after it had formed about six feet long off the payload door and that part of 676 00:11:48,069 --> 00:11:48,079 off the payload door and that part of 677 00:11:48,079 --> 00:11:49,509 off the payload door and that part of that ice remained all the way through 678 00:11:49,509 --> 00:11:49,519 that ice remained all the way through 679 00:11:49,519 --> 00:11:51,030 that ice remained all the way through the entry until post landing it was 680 00:11:51,030 --> 00:11:51,040 the entry until post landing it was 681 00:11:51,040 --> 00:11:52,949 the entry until post landing it was still on the vehicle 682 00:11:52,949 --> 00:11:52,959 still on the vehicle 683 00:11:52,959 --> 00:11:54,470 still on the vehicle here we have the flight deck crew don 684 00:11:54,470 --> 00:11:54,480 here we have the flight deck crew don 685 00:11:54,480 --> 00:11:55,990 here we have the flight deck crew don myself and joe preparing to do a 686 00:11:55,990 --> 00:11:56,000 myself and joe preparing to do a 687 00:11:56,000 --> 00:11:57,910 myself and joe preparing to do a procedure called flight control checkout 688 00:11:57,910 --> 00:11:57,920 procedure called flight control checkout 689 00:11:57,920 --> 00:11:59,990 procedure called flight control checkout where we crank up one of the auxiliary 690 00:11:59,990 --> 00:12:00,000 where we crank up one of the auxiliary 691 00:12:00,000 --> 00:12:01,509 where we crank up one of the auxiliary power units for hydraulics and we move 692 00:12:01,509 --> 00:12:01,519 power units for hydraulics and we move 693 00:12:01,519 --> 00:12:02,710 power units for hydraulics and we move all the flight controls and check all 694 00:12:02,710 --> 00:12:02,720 all the flight controls and check all 695 00:12:02,720 --> 00:12:04,389 all the flight controls and check all the implementation and displays out for 696 00:12:04,389 --> 00:12:04,399 the implementation and displays out for 697 00:12:04,399 --> 00:12:05,910 the implementation and displays out for our trip home make sure atlantis is 698 00:12:05,910 --> 00:12:05,920 our trip home make sure atlantis is 699 00:12:05,920 --> 00:12:06,790 our trip home make sure atlantis is ready to come home 700 00:12:06,790 --> 00:12:06,800 ready to come home 701 00:12:06,800 --> 00:12:09,829 ready to come home standard procedure we do every 702 00:12:09,829 --> 00:12:09,839 standard procedure we do every 703 00:12:09,839 --> 00:12:11,670 standard procedure we do every and after uh eight days of free flight 704 00:12:11,670 --> 00:12:11,680 and after uh eight days of free flight 705 00:12:11,680 --> 00:12:13,750 and after uh eight days of free flight it was time to join back up with spas to 706 00:12:13,750 --> 00:12:13,760 it was time to join back up with spas to 707 00:12:13,760 --> 00:12:14,790 it was time to join back up with spas to bring it home 708 00:12:14,790 --> 00:12:14,800 bring it home 709 00:12:14,800 --> 00:12:16,949 bring it home it is a beautiful sight here against the 710 00:12:16,949 --> 00:12:16,959 it is a beautiful sight here against the 711 00:12:16,959 --> 00:12:19,430 it is a beautiful sight here against the deep black of space 712 00:12:19,430 --> 00:12:19,440 deep black of space 713 00:12:19,440 --> 00:12:21,030 deep black of space kurt uh monitored the rendezvous and 714 00:12:21,030 --> 00:12:21,040 kurt uh monitored the rendezvous and 715 00:12:21,040 --> 00:12:22,470 kurt uh monitored the rendezvous and performed the final burns from the left 716 00:12:22,470 --> 00:12:22,480 performed the final burns from the left 717 00:12:22,480 --> 00:12:23,110 performed the final burns from the left seat 718 00:12:23,110 --> 00:12:23,120 seat 719 00:12:23,120 --> 00:12:24,790 seat while i manage the various sensors used 720 00:12:24,790 --> 00:12:24,800 while i manage the various sensors used 721 00:12:24,800 --> 00:12:26,470 while i manage the various sensors used to display our approach on a portal 722 00:12:26,470 --> 00:12:26,480 to display our approach on a portal 723 00:12:26,480 --> 00:12:27,829 to display our approach on a portal portable computer 724 00:12:27,829 --> 00:12:27,839 portable computer 725 00:12:27,839 --> 00:12:29,910 portable computer don flew the final stages from the app 726 00:12:29,910 --> 00:12:29,920 don flew the final stages from the app 727 00:12:29,920 --> 00:12:31,750 don flew the final stages from the app station taking inputs from us 728 00:12:31,750 --> 00:12:31,760 station taking inputs from us 729 00:12:31,760 --> 00:12:34,470 station taking inputs from us and the computer program but ultimately 730 00:12:34,470 --> 00:12:34,480 and the computer program but ultimately 731 00:12:34,480 --> 00:12:36,310 and the computer program but ultimately using the best sensors we had on board 732 00:12:36,310 --> 00:12:36,320 using the best sensors we had on board 733 00:12:36,320 --> 00:12:39,590 using the best sensors we had on board his very own eyes 734 00:12:39,590 --> 00:12:39,600 his very own eyes 735 00:12:39,600 --> 00:12:41,269 his very own eyes we worked our way in until we had we 736 00:12:41,269 --> 00:12:41,279 we worked our way in until we had we 737 00:12:41,279 --> 00:12:42,870 we worked our way in until we had we could see every detail the surface of 738 00:12:42,870 --> 00:12:42,880 could see every detail the surface of 739 00:12:42,880 --> 00:12:44,710 could see every detail the surface of the crystal spas 740 00:12:44,710 --> 00:12:44,720 the crystal spas 741 00:12:44,720 --> 00:12:47,030 the crystal spas finally for the grapple sean francois 742 00:12:47,030 --> 00:12:47,040 finally for the grapple sean francois 743 00:12:47,040 --> 00:12:48,710 finally for the grapple sean francois operated the handheld laser 744 00:12:48,710 --> 00:12:48,720 operated the handheld laser 745 00:12:48,720 --> 00:12:50,150 operated the handheld laser and gave don and curt very accurate 746 00:12:50,150 --> 00:12:50,160 and gave don and curt very accurate 747 00:12:50,160 --> 00:12:51,750 and gave don and curt very accurate range and range rate measurements that 748 00:12:51,750 --> 00:12:51,760 range and range rate measurements that 749 00:12:51,760 --> 00:12:53,190 range and range rate measurements that allowed us to make our rendezvous time 750 00:12:53,190 --> 00:12:53,200 allowed us to make our rendezvous time 751 00:12:53,200 --> 00:12:55,829 allowed us to make our rendezvous time almost down to the second 752 00:12:55,829 --> 00:12:55,839 almost down to the second 753 00:12:55,839 --> 00:12:57,350 almost down to the second here's a little closer view of crystal 754 00:12:57,350 --> 00:12:57,360 here's a little closer view of crystal 755 00:12:57,360 --> 00:12:59,590 here's a little closer view of crystal spas as don is flying the final part of 756 00:12:59,590 --> 00:12:59,600 spas as don is flying the final part of 757 00:12:59,600 --> 00:13:00,949 spas as don is flying the final part of the approach 758 00:13:00,949 --> 00:13:00,959 the approach 759 00:13:00,959 --> 00:13:03,269 the approach and i'm getting ready to use the robotic 760 00:13:03,269 --> 00:13:03,279 and i'm getting ready to use the robotic 761 00:13:03,279 --> 00:13:11,190 and i'm getting ready to use the robotic arm to do the capture 762 00:13:11,190 --> 00:13:11,200 763 00:13:11,200 --> 00:13:12,949 and this is a view of the arm as it's 764 00:13:12,949 --> 00:13:12,959 and this is a view of the arm as it's 765 00:13:12,959 --> 00:13:15,190 and this is a view of the arm as it's coming in over the grapple pin 766 00:13:15,190 --> 00:13:15,200 coming in over the grapple pin 767 00:13:15,200 --> 00:13:17,509 coming in over the grapple pin and then i initiate the capture sequence 768 00:13:17,509 --> 00:13:17,519 and then i initiate the capture sequence 769 00:13:17,519 --> 00:13:19,350 and then i initiate the capture sequence which pulls the payload 770 00:13:19,350 --> 00:13:19,360 which pulls the payload 771 00:13:19,360 --> 00:13:29,269 which pulls the payload onto the arm and rigidizes it 772 00:13:29,269 --> 00:13:29,279 773 00:13:29,279 --> 00:13:31,509 here's a view after we've captured it 774 00:13:31,509 --> 00:13:31,519 here's a view after we've captured it 775 00:13:31,519 --> 00:13:33,110 here's a view after we've captured it and before we've bursted in the payload 776 00:13:33,110 --> 00:13:33,120 and before we've bursted in the payload 777 00:13:33,120 --> 00:13:35,590 and before we've bursted in the payload bay looking out the overhead windows 778 00:13:35,590 --> 00:13:35,600 bay looking out the overhead windows 779 00:13:35,600 --> 00:13:37,430 bay looking out the overhead windows and the rendezvous was accomplished on 780 00:13:37,430 --> 00:13:37,440 and the rendezvous was accomplished on 781 00:13:37,440 --> 00:13:38,949 and the rendezvous was accomplished on flight day 10 on 782 00:13:38,949 --> 00:13:38,959 flight day 10 on 783 00:13:38,959 --> 00:13:40,790 flight day 10 on flight day 11 we went into our final 784 00:13:40,790 --> 00:13:40,800 flight day 11 we went into our final 785 00:13:40,800 --> 00:13:42,470 flight day 11 we went into our final solar viewing attitude the last 786 00:13:42,470 --> 00:13:42,480 solar viewing attitude the last 787 00:13:42,480 --> 00:13:44,069 solar viewing attitude the last opportunity for the solar instruments to 788 00:13:44,069 --> 00:13:44,079 opportunity for the solar instruments to 789 00:13:44,079 --> 00:13:45,509 opportunity for the solar instruments to take measurements 790 00:13:45,509 --> 00:13:45,519 take measurements 791 00:13:45,519 --> 00:13:47,110 take measurements and then flight day 12 was our day to 792 00:13:47,110 --> 00:13:47,120 and then flight day 12 was our day to 793 00:13:47,120 --> 00:13:49,350 and then flight day 12 was our day to come home and this is us preparing to 794 00:13:49,350 --> 00:13:49,360 come home and this is us preparing to 795 00:13:49,360 --> 00:13:49,990 come home and this is us preparing to come home 796 00:13:49,990 --> 00:13:50,000 come home 797 00:13:50,000 --> 00:13:51,509 come home and one of the last things we do is 798 00:13:51,509 --> 00:13:51,519 and one of the last things we do is 799 00:13:51,519 --> 00:13:55,750 and one of the last things we do is close the payload bay door 800 00:13:55,750 --> 00:13:55,760 801 00:13:55,760 --> 00:13:57,110 once we have the payload bay doors 802 00:13:57,110 --> 00:13:57,120 once we have the payload bay doors 803 00:13:57,120 --> 00:13:59,030 once we have the payload bay doors closed it's time to reconfigure atlantis 804 00:13:59,030 --> 00:13:59,040 closed it's time to reconfigure atlantis 805 00:13:59,040 --> 00:13:59,509 closed it's time to reconfigure atlantis for the 806 00:13:59,509 --> 00:13:59,519 for the 807 00:13:59,519 --> 00:14:02,310 for the trip home we get back in our orange 808 00:14:02,310 --> 00:14:02,320 trip home we get back in our orange 809 00:14:02,320 --> 00:14:03,670 trip home we get back in our orange pumpkin suits and 810 00:14:03,670 --> 00:14:03,680 pumpkin suits and 811 00:14:03,680 --> 00:14:05,750 pumpkin suits and we prepare for the the burn we use our 812 00:14:05,750 --> 00:14:05,760 we prepare for the the burn we use our 813 00:14:05,760 --> 00:14:07,350 we prepare for the the burn we use our engines to slow the orbiter back down to 814 00:14:07,350 --> 00:14:07,360 engines to slow the orbiter back down to 815 00:14:07,360 --> 00:14:08,790 engines to slow the orbiter back down to re-enter the atmosphere 816 00:14:08,790 --> 00:14:08,800 re-enter the atmosphere 817 00:14:08,800 --> 00:14:10,230 re-enter the atmosphere it's time to turn some of that kinetic 818 00:14:10,230 --> 00:14:10,240 it's time to turn some of that kinetic 819 00:14:10,240 --> 00:14:11,829 it's time to turn some of that kinetic energy we gain during launch back into 820 00:14:11,829 --> 00:14:11,839 energy we gain during launch back into 821 00:14:11,839 --> 00:14:12,470 energy we gain during launch back into heat 822 00:14:12,470 --> 00:14:12,480 heat 823 00:14:12,480 --> 00:14:13,990 heat and joe's pointing out the windows so 824 00:14:13,990 --> 00:14:14,000 and joe's pointing out the windows so 825 00:14:14,000 --> 00:14:15,350 and joe's pointing out the windows so jean-francois takes a look and you can 826 00:14:15,350 --> 00:14:15,360 jean-francois takes a look and you can 827 00:14:15,360 --> 00:14:15,990 jean-francois takes a look and you can see the plasma 828 00:14:15,990 --> 00:14:16,000 see the plasma 829 00:14:16,000 --> 00:14:18,310 see the plasma behind us as we stream through the 830 00:14:18,310 --> 00:14:18,320 behind us as we stream through the 831 00:14:18,320 --> 00:14:19,269 behind us as we stream through the atmosphere 832 00:14:19,269 --> 00:14:19,279 atmosphere 833 00:14:19,279 --> 00:14:21,189 atmosphere converting that energy back into heat 834 00:14:21,189 --> 00:14:21,199 converting that energy back into heat 835 00:14:21,199 --> 00:14:22,710 converting that energy back into heat out my right window here you can see the 836 00:14:22,710 --> 00:14:22,720 out my right window here you can see the 837 00:14:22,720 --> 00:14:24,230 out my right window here you can see the glow around the water also as we're 838 00:14:24,230 --> 00:14:24,240 glow around the water also as we're 839 00:14:24,240 --> 00:14:26,150 glow around the water also as we're penetrating the atmosphere don's 840 00:14:26,150 --> 00:14:26,160 penetrating the atmosphere don's 841 00:14:26,160 --> 00:14:27,990 penetrating the atmosphere don's managing managing the energy 842 00:14:27,990 --> 00:14:28,000 managing managing the energy 843 00:14:28,000 --> 00:14:29,590 managing managing the energy make sure we have good energy state and 844 00:14:29,590 --> 00:14:29,600 make sure we have good energy state and 845 00:14:29,600 --> 00:14:31,110 make sure we have good energy state and here's a long-range camera from edwards 846 00:14:31,110 --> 00:14:31,120 here's a long-range camera from edwards 847 00:14:31,120 --> 00:14:32,150 here's a long-range camera from edwards picking up our 848 00:14:32,150 --> 00:14:32,160 picking up our 849 00:14:32,160 --> 00:14:33,990 picking up our yaw jet thrusters still firing to 850 00:14:33,990 --> 00:14:34,000 yaw jet thrusters still firing to 851 00:14:34,000 --> 00:14:36,150 yaw jet thrusters still firing to maintain attitude 852 00:14:36,150 --> 00:14:36,160 maintain attitude 853 00:14:36,160 --> 00:14:38,230 maintain attitude this is a look at kurt's right window 854 00:14:38,230 --> 00:14:38,240 this is a look at kurt's right window 855 00:14:38,240 --> 00:14:40,150 this is a look at kurt's right window there as we make about a 90-degree turn 856 00:14:40,150 --> 00:14:40,160 there as we make about a 90-degree turn 857 00:14:40,160 --> 00:14:42,550 there as we make about a 90-degree turn to final at edwards 858 00:14:42,550 --> 00:14:42,560 to final at edwards 859 00:14:42,560 --> 00:14:45,670 to final at edwards as we roll out on final we had one 860 00:14:45,670 --> 00:14:45,680 as we roll out on final we had one 861 00:14:45,680 --> 00:14:48,310 as we roll out on final we had one final test to perform before we landed 862 00:14:48,310 --> 00:14:48,320 final test to perform before we landed 863 00:14:48,320 --> 00:14:50,790 final test to perform before we landed it was a subsonic aero test to 864 00:14:50,790 --> 00:14:50,800 it was a subsonic aero test to 865 00:14:50,800 --> 00:14:53,910 it was a subsonic aero test to roll the vehicle left and right and to 866 00:14:53,910 --> 00:14:53,920 roll the vehicle left and right and to 867 00:14:53,920 --> 00:14:55,829 roll the vehicle left and right and to yaw the vehicle left and right to look 868 00:14:55,829 --> 00:14:55,839 yaw the vehicle left and right to look 869 00:14:55,839 --> 00:14:57,350 yaw the vehicle left and right to look at control power in those control 870 00:14:57,350 --> 00:14:57,360 at control power in those control 871 00:14:57,360 --> 00:14:58,470 at control power in those control surfaces 872 00:14:58,470 --> 00:14:58,480 surfaces 873 00:14:58,480 --> 00:15:01,509 surfaces to see if there's a potential for more 874 00:15:01,509 --> 00:15:01,519 to see if there's a potential for more 875 00:15:01,519 --> 00:15:03,910 to see if there's a potential for more crosswind capability in the vehicle 876 00:15:03,910 --> 00:15:03,920 crosswind capability in the vehicle 877 00:15:03,920 --> 00:15:06,069 crosswind capability in the vehicle once that was complete we rolled 878 00:15:06,069 --> 00:15:06,079 once that was complete we rolled 879 00:15:06,079 --> 00:15:08,310 once that was complete we rolled ourselves back out on final approach 880 00:15:08,310 --> 00:15:08,320 ourselves back out on final approach 881 00:15:08,320 --> 00:15:10,069 ourselves back out on final approach we fly the approach now at about 300 882 00:15:10,069 --> 00:15:10,079 we fly the approach now at about 300 883 00:15:10,079 --> 00:15:11,350 we fly the approach now at about 300 knots equivalent airspeed 884 00:15:11,350 --> 00:15:11,360 knots equivalent airspeed 885 00:15:11,360 --> 00:15:14,949 knots equivalent airspeed at 2000 feet or so we begin to 886 00:15:14,949 --> 00:15:14,959 at 2000 feet or so we begin to 887 00:15:14,959 --> 00:15:16,949 at 2000 feet or so we begin to decrease our glide angle from 20 degrees 888 00:15:16,949 --> 00:15:16,959 decrease our glide angle from 20 degrees 889 00:15:16,959 --> 00:15:19,189 decrease our glide angle from 20 degrees to just over 1 degree 890 00:15:19,189 --> 00:15:19,199 to just over 1 degree 891 00:15:19,199 --> 00:15:21,590 to just over 1 degree at 300 feet kurt extended the gear for 892 00:15:21,590 --> 00:15:21,600 at 300 feet kurt extended the gear for 893 00:15:21,600 --> 00:15:22,550 at 300 feet kurt extended the gear for us 894 00:15:22,550 --> 00:15:22,560 us 895 00:15:22,560 --> 00:15:24,949 us and as we continually decelerate we 896 00:15:24,949 --> 00:15:24,959 and as we continually decelerate we 897 00:15:24,959 --> 00:15:26,389 and as we continually decelerate we crossed the threshold of the runway at 898 00:15:26,389 --> 00:15:26,399 crossed the threshold of the runway at 899 00:15:26,399 --> 00:15:28,230 crossed the threshold of the runway at about 225 knots 900 00:15:28,230 --> 00:15:28,240 about 225 knots 901 00:15:28,240 --> 00:15:30,870 about 225 knots 17 feet in the air and targeting a 902 00:15:30,870 --> 00:15:30,880 17 feet in the air and targeting a 903 00:15:30,880 --> 00:15:34,150 17 feet in the air and targeting a touchdown speed of 195 knots 904 00:15:34,150 --> 00:15:34,160 touchdown speed of 195 knots 905 00:15:34,160 --> 00:15:36,550 touchdown speed of 195 knots we touched down about 3 200 feet down 906 00:15:36,550 --> 00:15:36,560 we touched down about 3 200 feet down 907 00:15:36,560 --> 00:15:37,269 we touched down about 3 200 feet down the runway 908 00:15:37,269 --> 00:15:37,279 the runway 909 00:15:37,279 --> 00:15:39,030 the runway and immediately after touchdown we 910 00:15:39,030 --> 00:15:39,040 and immediately after touchdown we 911 00:15:39,040 --> 00:15:41,030 and immediately after touchdown we deployed drag chute we had the first 912 00:15:41,030 --> 00:15:41,040 deployed drag chute we had the first 913 00:15:41,040 --> 00:15:43,509 deployed drag chute we had the first reusable drag shoot of the space shuttle 914 00:15:43,509 --> 00:15:43,519 reusable drag shoot of the space shuttle 915 00:15:43,519 --> 00:15:44,629 reusable drag shoot of the space shuttle program 916 00:15:44,629 --> 00:15:44,639 program 917 00:15:44,639 --> 00:15:46,550 program the drag chute helps us decelerate as 918 00:15:46,550 --> 00:15:46,560 the drag chute helps us decelerate as 919 00:15:46,560 --> 00:15:48,470 the drag chute helps us decelerate as well as lowers the slap down rates on 920 00:15:48,470 --> 00:15:48,480 well as lowers the slap down rates on 921 00:15:48,480 --> 00:15:49,829 well as lowers the slap down rates on the nose gear 922 00:15:49,829 --> 00:15:49,839 the nose gear 923 00:15:49,839 --> 00:15:51,509 the nose gear the deceleration we get out of the drag 924 00:15:51,509 --> 00:15:51,519 the deceleration we get out of the drag 925 00:15:51,519 --> 00:15:53,350 the deceleration we get out of the drag chute reduces the amount of runway we 926 00:15:53,350 --> 00:15:53,360 chute reduces the amount of runway we 927 00:15:53,360 --> 00:15:57,110 chute reduces the amount of runway we use by about 1500 to 2000 feet 928 00:15:57,110 --> 00:15:57,120 use by about 1500 to 2000 feet 929 00:15:57,120 --> 00:15:59,110 use by about 1500 to 2000 feet at about 60 knots we release the drag 930 00:15:59,110 --> 00:15:59,120 at about 60 knots we release the drag 931 00:15:59,120 --> 00:16:00,710 at about 60 knots we release the drag chute so we don't have to contend with 932 00:16:00,710 --> 00:16:00,720 chute so we don't have to contend with 933 00:16:00,720 --> 00:16:03,269 chute so we don't have to contend with that hardware post wheel stop 934 00:16:03,269 --> 00:16:03,279 that hardware post wheel stop 935 00:16:03,279 --> 00:16:06,550 that hardware post wheel stop and by this time we had 936 00:16:06,550 --> 00:16:06,560 and by this time we had 937 00:16:06,560 --> 00:16:09,670 and by this time we had flown about 175 revolutions of the earth 938 00:16:09,670 --> 00:16:09,680 flown about 175 revolutions of the earth 939 00:16:09,680 --> 00:16:11,910 flown about 175 revolutions of the earth and we'd been in space almost 11 days 940 00:16:11,910 --> 00:16:11,920 and we'd been in space almost 11 days 941 00:16:11,920 --> 00:16:13,509 and we'd been in space almost 11 days and flown four and a half 942 00:16:13,509 --> 00:16:13,519 and flown four and a half 943 00:16:13,519 --> 00:16:15,910 and flown four and a half million miles and we badly needed a 944 00:16:15,910 --> 00:16:15,920 million miles and we badly needed a 945 00:16:15,920 --> 00:16:22,790 million miles and we badly needed a shower and a comb-cooked meal 946 00:16:22,790 --> 00:16:22,800 shower and a comb-cooked meal 947 00:16:22,800 --> 00:16:24,470 shower and a comb-cooked meal no shuttle presentation would be 948 00:16:24,470 --> 00:16:24,480 no shuttle presentation would be 949 00:16:24,480 --> 00:16:26,150 no shuttle presentation would be complete without 950 00:16:26,150 --> 00:16:26,160 complete without 951 00:16:26,160 --> 00:16:28,790 complete without a shot of our launch it's a very 952 00:16:28,790 --> 00:16:28,800 a shot of our launch it's a very 953 00:16:28,800 --> 00:16:31,350 a shot of our launch it's a very exciting beginning to the mission and 954 00:16:31,350 --> 00:16:31,360 exciting beginning to the mission and 955 00:16:31,360 --> 00:16:33,749 exciting beginning to the mission and this is a view from the base of pad 39 956 00:16:33,749 --> 00:16:33,759 this is a view from the base of pad 39 957 00:16:33,759 --> 00:16:35,749 this is a view from the base of pad 39 bravo 958 00:16:35,749 --> 00:16:35,759 bravo 959 00:16:35,759 --> 00:16:38,389 bravo basically sea level and just a few 960 00:16:38,389 --> 00:16:38,399 basically sea level and just a few 961 00:16:38,399 --> 00:16:40,870 basically sea level and just a few seconds after the order has lifted off 962 00:16:40,870 --> 00:16:40,880 seconds after the order has lifted off 963 00:16:40,880 --> 00:16:42,710 seconds after the order has lifted off again we had a beautiful day that day 964 00:16:42,710 --> 00:16:42,720 again we had a beautiful day that day 965 00:16:42,720 --> 00:16:44,389 again we had a beautiful day that day crystal clear blue skies i don't think 966 00:16:44,389 --> 00:16:44,399 crystal clear blue skies i don't think 967 00:16:44,399 --> 00:16:45,990 crystal clear blue skies i don't think i've ever seen it any bluer 968 00:16:45,990 --> 00:16:46,000 i've ever seen it any bluer 969 00:16:46,000 --> 00:16:48,949 i've ever seen it any bluer and it was quite an accent a few days 970 00:16:48,949 --> 00:16:48,959 and it was quite an accent a few days 971 00:16:48,959 --> 00:16:50,629 and it was quite an accent a few days later however we had another chance to 972 00:16:50,629 --> 00:16:50,639 later however we had another chance to 973 00:16:50,639 --> 00:16:53,030 later however we had another chance to look at pad 39 bravo from a different 974 00:16:53,030 --> 00:16:53,040 look at pad 39 bravo from a different 975 00:16:53,040 --> 00:16:55,910 look at pad 39 bravo from a different perspective from about 165 miles 976 00:16:55,910 --> 00:16:55,920 perspective from about 165 miles 977 00:16:55,920 --> 00:16:57,749 perspective from about 165 miles directly overhead 978 00:16:57,749 --> 00:16:57,759 directly overhead 979 00:16:57,759 --> 00:16:59,990 directly overhead and you probably recognize uh most of 980 00:16:59,990 --> 00:17:00,000 and you probably recognize uh most of 981 00:17:00,000 --> 00:17:01,590 and you probably recognize uh most of the things here in the slide we have 982 00:17:01,590 --> 00:17:01,600 the things here in the slide we have 983 00:17:01,600 --> 00:17:03,670 the things here in the slide we have this pad right here is 39 bravo where we 984 00:17:03,670 --> 00:17:03,680 this pad right here is 39 bravo where we 985 00:17:03,680 --> 00:17:04,870 this pad right here is 39 bravo where we left off 986 00:17:04,870 --> 00:17:04,880 left off 987 00:17:04,880 --> 00:17:06,949 left off did our lift off and you can see the 988 00:17:06,949 --> 00:17:06,959 did our lift off and you can see the 989 00:17:06,959 --> 00:17:09,029 did our lift off and you can see the southern pad and also the crawler track 990 00:17:09,029 --> 00:17:09,039 southern pad and also the crawler track 991 00:17:09,039 --> 00:17:10,870 southern pad and also the crawler track where we maneuver the orbiter from the 992 00:17:10,870 --> 00:17:10,880 where we maneuver the orbiter from the 993 00:17:10,880 --> 00:17:12,230 where we maneuver the orbiter from the vertical assembly building and the 994 00:17:12,230 --> 00:17:12,240 vertical assembly building and the 995 00:17:12,240 --> 00:17:14,230 vertical assembly building and the orbital processing facility here 996 00:17:14,230 --> 00:17:14,240 orbital processing facility here 997 00:17:14,240 --> 00:17:16,309 orbital processing facility here out to the pads the shuttle landing 998 00:17:16,309 --> 00:17:16,319 out to the pads the shuttle landing 999 00:17:16,319 --> 00:17:18,470 out to the pads the shuttle landing facility is right in here as we see 1000 00:17:18,470 --> 00:17:18,480 facility is right in here as we see 1001 00:17:18,480 --> 00:17:19,909 facility is right in here as we see and if you take a bigger view you can 1002 00:17:19,909 --> 00:17:19,919 and if you take a bigger view you can 1003 00:17:19,919 --> 00:17:21,669 and if you take a bigger view you can see down here the skid strip 1004 00:17:21,669 --> 00:17:21,679 see down here the skid strip 1005 00:17:21,679 --> 00:17:24,870 see down here the skid strip at cape canaveral complex 1006 00:17:24,870 --> 00:17:24,880 at cape canaveral complex 1007 00:17:24,880 --> 00:17:26,390 at cape canaveral complex and also the beginning of our space 1008 00:17:26,390 --> 00:17:26,400 and also the beginning of our space 1009 00:17:26,400 --> 00:17:28,309 and also the beginning of our space program the very historic pads we have 1010 00:17:28,309 --> 00:17:28,319 program the very historic pads we have 1011 00:17:28,319 --> 00:17:29,430 program the very historic pads we have here for the mercury 1012 00:17:29,430 --> 00:17:29,440 here for the mercury 1013 00:17:29,440 --> 00:17:31,590 here for the mercury and the gemini program along with some 1014 00:17:31,590 --> 00:17:31,600 and the gemini program along with some 1015 00:17:31,600 --> 00:17:33,510 and the gemini program along with some of our expendable pads that we use to 1016 00:17:33,510 --> 00:17:33,520 of our expendable pads that we use to 1017 00:17:33,520 --> 00:17:33,909 of our expendable pads that we use to launch 1018 00:17:33,909 --> 00:17:33,919 launch 1019 00:17:33,919 --> 00:17:35,909 launch the expendable payloads or expendable 1020 00:17:35,909 --> 00:17:35,919 the expendable payloads or expendable 1021 00:17:35,919 --> 00:17:37,110 the expendable payloads or expendable rockets i should say 1022 00:17:37,110 --> 00:17:37,120 rockets i should say 1023 00:17:37,120 --> 00:17:40,630 rockets i should say into orbit cape canaveral seaport is 1024 00:17:40,630 --> 00:17:40,640 into orbit cape canaveral seaport is 1025 00:17:40,640 --> 00:17:41,270 into orbit cape canaveral seaport is down here 1026 00:17:41,270 --> 00:17:41,280 down here 1027 00:17:41,280 --> 00:17:43,510 down here and if you come on find cocoa beach down 1028 00:17:43,510 --> 00:17:43,520 and if you come on find cocoa beach down 1029 00:17:43,520 --> 00:17:46,230 and if you come on find cocoa beach down to patrick air force base is here on up 1030 00:17:46,230 --> 00:17:46,240 to patrick air force base is here on up 1031 00:17:46,240 --> 00:17:46,549 to patrick air force base is here on up through 1032 00:17:46,549 --> 00:17:46,559 through 1033 00:17:46,559 --> 00:17:49,669 through cocoa and we have titusville airport and 1034 00:17:49,669 --> 00:17:49,679 cocoa and we have titusville airport and 1035 00:17:49,679 --> 00:17:51,270 cocoa and we have titusville airport and titusville up in here so it's quite a 1036 00:17:51,270 --> 00:17:51,280 titusville up in here so it's quite a 1037 00:17:51,280 --> 00:17:53,590 titusville up in here so it's quite a view again very clear for florida 1038 00:17:53,590 --> 00:17:53,600 view again very clear for florida 1039 00:17:53,600 --> 00:17:55,909 view again very clear for florida and this is where we're supposed to land 1040 00:17:55,909 --> 00:17:55,919 and this is where we're supposed to land 1041 00:17:55,919 --> 00:17:57,430 and this is where we're supposed to land november 14th obviously 1042 00:17:57,430 --> 00:17:57,440 november 14th obviously 1043 00:17:57,440 --> 00:17:59,190 november 14th obviously tropical storm gordon had had other 1044 00:17:59,190 --> 00:17:59,200 tropical storm gordon had had other 1045 00:17:59,200 --> 00:18:01,510 tropical storm gordon had had other plans so we we wound up in 1046 00:18:01,510 --> 00:18:01,520 plans so we we wound up in 1047 00:18:01,520 --> 00:18:04,070 plans so we we wound up in edwards here's another view of our 1048 00:18:04,070 --> 00:18:04,080 edwards here's another view of our 1049 00:18:04,080 --> 00:18:05,909 edwards here's another view of our payload bay and i wanted to point out uh 1050 00:18:05,909 --> 00:18:05,919 payload bay and i wanted to point out uh 1051 00:18:05,919 --> 00:18:07,110 payload bay and i wanted to point out uh some of the instruments that we were 1052 00:18:07,110 --> 00:18:07,120 some of the instruments that we were 1053 00:18:07,120 --> 00:18:08,230 some of the instruments that we were carrying on board 1054 00:18:08,230 --> 00:18:08,240 carrying on board 1055 00:18:08,240 --> 00:18:10,549 carrying on board we had three atmospheric instruments two 1056 00:18:10,549 --> 00:18:10,559 we had three atmospheric instruments two 1057 00:18:10,559 --> 00:18:13,029 we had three atmospheric instruments two of them on the atlas pallet 1058 00:18:13,029 --> 00:18:13,039 of them on the atlas pallet 1059 00:18:13,039 --> 00:18:14,950 of them on the atlas pallet one of them here atmos and then you can 1060 00:18:14,950 --> 00:18:14,960 one of them here atmos and then you can 1061 00:18:14,960 --> 00:18:17,029 one of them here atmos and then you can see the moz antenna over here 1062 00:18:17,029 --> 00:18:17,039 see the moz antenna over here 1063 00:18:17,039 --> 00:18:18,630 see the moz antenna over here then up here on the starboard sill the 1064 00:18:18,630 --> 00:18:18,640 then up here on the starboard sill the 1065 00:18:18,640 --> 00:18:20,549 then up here on the starboard sill the ssbuv instrument 1066 00:18:20,549 --> 00:18:20,559 ssbuv instrument 1067 00:18:20,559 --> 00:18:22,310 ssbuv instrument all three of those instruments measure 1068 00:18:22,310 --> 00:18:22,320 all three of those instruments measure 1069 00:18:22,320 --> 00:18:24,230 all three of those instruments measure ozone and one of the 1070 00:18:24,230 --> 00:18:24,240 ozone and one of the 1071 00:18:24,240 --> 00:18:26,150 ozone and one of the exciting results was to compare the 1072 00:18:26,150 --> 00:18:26,160 exciting results was to compare the 1073 00:18:26,160 --> 00:18:28,789 exciting results was to compare the ozone measurements between all three 1074 00:18:28,789 --> 00:18:28,799 ozone measurements between all three 1075 00:18:28,799 --> 00:18:30,310 ozone measurements between all three instruments which we were able to do in 1076 00:18:30,310 --> 00:18:30,320 instruments which we were able to do in 1077 00:18:30,320 --> 00:18:32,390 instruments which we were able to do in some of the northern hemisphere 1078 00:18:32,390 --> 00:18:32,400 some of the northern hemisphere 1079 00:18:32,400 --> 00:18:35,750 some of the northern hemisphere measurements atmos and ssbuv were also 1080 00:18:35,750 --> 00:18:35,760 measurements atmos and ssbuv were also 1081 00:18:35,760 --> 00:18:37,590 measurements atmos and ssbuv were also of course focusing on the antarctic 1082 00:18:37,590 --> 00:18:37,600 of course focusing on the antarctic 1083 00:18:37,600 --> 00:18:38,549 of course focusing on the antarctic ozone hole 1084 00:18:38,549 --> 00:18:38,559 ozone hole 1085 00:18:38,559 --> 00:18:40,230 ozone hole which was present during our flight and 1086 00:18:40,230 --> 00:18:40,240 which was present during our flight and 1087 00:18:40,240 --> 00:18:42,710 which was present during our flight and was just beginning to recover 1088 00:18:42,710 --> 00:18:42,720 was just beginning to recover 1089 00:18:42,720 --> 00:18:44,950 was just beginning to recover and they were measuring the ozone within 1090 00:18:44,950 --> 00:18:44,960 and they were measuring the ozone within 1091 00:18:44,960 --> 00:18:46,789 and they were measuring the ozone within the hole at about half the level of the 1092 00:18:46,789 --> 00:18:46,799 the hole at about half the level of the 1093 00:18:46,799 --> 00:18:48,390 the hole at about half the level of the ozone outside the 1094 00:18:48,390 --> 00:18:48,400 ozone outside the 1095 00:18:48,400 --> 00:18:51,830 ozone outside the antarctic ozone hole atmos also measures 1096 00:18:51,830 --> 00:18:51,840 antarctic ozone hole atmos also measures 1097 00:18:51,840 --> 00:18:53,110 antarctic ozone hole atmos also measures about three dozen 1098 00:18:53,110 --> 00:18:53,120 about three dozen 1099 00:18:53,120 --> 00:18:55,430 about three dozen other trace molecules in the atmosphere 1100 00:18:55,430 --> 00:18:55,440 other trace molecules in the atmosphere 1101 00:18:55,440 --> 00:18:57,590 other trace molecules in the atmosphere to get a much more complete picture of 1102 00:18:57,590 --> 00:18:57,600 to get a much more complete picture of 1103 00:18:57,600 --> 00:19:00,310 to get a much more complete picture of how the ozone depletion process occurs 1104 00:19:00,310 --> 00:19:00,320 how the ozone depletion process occurs 1105 00:19:00,320 --> 00:19:02,230 how the ozone depletion process occurs it measures chlorine which is the 1106 00:19:02,230 --> 00:19:02,240 it measures chlorine which is the 1107 00:19:02,240 --> 00:19:04,789 it measures chlorine which is the primary catalyst for ozone depletion 1108 00:19:04,789 --> 00:19:04,799 primary catalyst for ozone depletion 1109 00:19:04,799 --> 00:19:06,549 primary catalyst for ozone depletion and a lot of the reactive nitrogen 1110 00:19:06,549 --> 00:19:06,559 and a lot of the reactive nitrogen 1111 00:19:06,559 --> 00:19:08,549 and a lot of the reactive nitrogen species which can bind with chlorine and 1112 00:19:08,549 --> 00:19:08,559 species which can bind with chlorine and 1113 00:19:08,559 --> 00:19:11,029 species which can bind with chlorine and prevent it from depleting ozone 1114 00:19:11,029 --> 00:19:11,039 prevent it from depleting ozone 1115 00:19:11,039 --> 00:19:13,830 prevent it from depleting ozone and we were able to get to what the 1116 00:19:13,830 --> 00:19:13,840 and we were able to get to what the 1117 00:19:13,840 --> 00:19:15,909 and we were able to get to what the concentrations of those chemicals were 1118 00:19:15,909 --> 00:19:15,919 concentrations of those chemicals were 1119 00:19:15,919 --> 00:19:18,150 concentrations of those chemicals were as a function of altitude both within 1120 00:19:18,150 --> 00:19:18,160 as a function of altitude both within 1121 00:19:18,160 --> 00:19:20,630 as a function of altitude both within the hole and outside the hole and they 1122 00:19:20,630 --> 00:19:20,640 the hole and outside the hole and they 1123 00:19:20,640 --> 00:19:22,470 the hole and outside the hole and they also found that chlorine exists in 1124 00:19:22,470 --> 00:19:22,480 also found that chlorine exists in 1125 00:19:22,480 --> 00:19:24,310 also found that chlorine exists in different reservoir species at different 1126 00:19:24,310 --> 00:19:24,320 different reservoir species at different 1127 00:19:24,320 --> 00:19:25,750 different reservoir species at different altitudes which was a new and 1128 00:19:25,750 --> 00:19:25,760 altitudes which was a new and 1129 00:19:25,760 --> 00:19:28,870 altitudes which was a new and interesting result for the scientists 1130 00:19:28,870 --> 00:19:28,880 interesting result for the scientists 1131 00:19:28,880 --> 00:19:31,669 interesting result for the scientists they also measure atmos also measured in 1132 00:19:31,669 --> 00:19:31,679 they also measure atmos also measured in 1133 00:19:31,679 --> 00:19:33,029 they also measure atmos also measured in the mid-latitudes 1134 00:19:33,029 --> 00:19:33,039 the mid-latitudes 1135 00:19:33,039 --> 00:19:36,470 the mid-latitudes uh one of the freons freon 22 at a value 1136 00:19:36,470 --> 00:19:36,480 uh one of the freons freon 22 at a value 1137 00:19:36,480 --> 00:19:37,430 uh one of the freons freon 22 at a value that had doubled 1138 00:19:37,430 --> 00:19:37,440 that had doubled 1139 00:19:37,440 --> 00:19:40,310 that had doubled over the measurement that it took in 1140 00:19:40,310 --> 00:19:40,320 over the measurement that it took in 1141 00:19:40,320 --> 00:19:41,669 over the measurement that it took in 1985 1142 00:19:41,669 --> 00:19:41,679 1985 1143 00:19:41,679 --> 00:19:42,870 1985 and we really still don't know the 1144 00:19:42,870 --> 00:19:42,880 and we really still don't know the 1145 00:19:42,880 --> 00:19:45,510 and we really still don't know the significance of what that might be 1146 00:19:45,510 --> 00:19:45,520 significance of what that might be 1147 00:19:45,520 --> 00:19:47,110 significance of what that might be some of the solar science instruments 1148 00:19:47,110 --> 00:19:47,120 some of the solar science instruments 1149 00:19:47,120 --> 00:19:49,029 some of the solar science instruments there's three solar science 1150 00:19:49,029 --> 00:19:49,039 there's three solar science 1151 00:19:49,039 --> 00:19:50,789 there's three solar science instruments in the center of the palette 1152 00:19:50,789 --> 00:19:50,799 instruments in the center of the palette 1153 00:19:50,799 --> 00:19:53,029 instruments in the center of the palette acr sulcon and soul spec 1154 00:19:53,029 --> 00:19:53,039 acr sulcon and soul spec 1155 00:19:53,039 --> 00:19:54,549 acr sulcon and soul spec and there's one on the far side of the 1156 00:19:54,549 --> 00:19:54,559 and there's one on the far side of the 1157 00:19:54,559 --> 00:19:56,310 and there's one on the far side of the pallet that's hidden from view called 1158 00:19:56,310 --> 00:19:56,320 pallet that's hidden from view called 1159 00:19:56,320 --> 00:19:57,350 pallet that's hidden from view called susim 1160 00:19:57,350 --> 00:19:57,360 susim 1161 00:19:57,360 --> 00:19:59,190 susim two of those measure the total amount of 1162 00:19:59,190 --> 00:19:59,200 two of those measure the total amount of 1163 00:19:59,200 --> 00:20:00,950 two of those measure the total amount of energy coming from the sun 1164 00:20:00,950 --> 00:20:00,960 energy coming from the sun 1165 00:20:00,960 --> 00:20:02,149 energy coming from the sun they were very pleased with their 1166 00:20:02,149 --> 00:20:02,159 they were very pleased with their 1167 00:20:02,159 --> 00:20:04,070 they were very pleased with their results they were able to get 1168 00:20:04,070 --> 00:20:04,080 results they were able to get 1169 00:20:04,080 --> 00:20:05,750 results they were able to get measurements with a precision of less 1170 00:20:05,750 --> 00:20:05,760 measurements with a precision of less 1171 00:20:05,760 --> 00:20:06,070 measurements with a precision of less than 1172 00:20:06,070 --> 00:20:06,080 than 1173 00:20:06,080 --> 00:20:09,510 than 0.05 percent the other two 1174 00:20:09,510 --> 00:20:09,520 0.05 percent the other two 1175 00:20:09,520 --> 00:20:11,510 0.05 percent the other two measure the solar spectrum as a function 1176 00:20:11,510 --> 00:20:11,520 measure the solar spectrum as a function 1177 00:20:11,520 --> 00:20:12,630 measure the solar spectrum as a function of wavelength 1178 00:20:12,630 --> 00:20:12,640 of wavelength 1179 00:20:12,640 --> 00:20:15,510 of wavelength and along with ssbuv uh three of the 1180 00:20:15,510 --> 00:20:15,520 and along with ssbuv uh three of the 1181 00:20:15,520 --> 00:20:15,990 and along with ssbuv uh three of the measure 1182 00:20:15,990 --> 00:20:16,000 measure 1183 00:20:16,000 --> 00:20:18,230 measure three of them uh independently measured 1184 00:20:18,230 --> 00:20:18,240 three of them uh independently measured 1185 00:20:18,240 --> 00:20:20,230 three of them uh independently measured the ultraviolet solar spectrum 1186 00:20:20,230 --> 00:20:20,240 the ultraviolet solar spectrum 1187 00:20:20,240 --> 00:20:21,990 the ultraviolet solar spectrum which is a difficult measurement to make 1188 00:20:21,990 --> 00:20:22,000 which is a difficult measurement to make 1189 00:20:22,000 --> 00:20:23,990 which is a difficult measurement to make because ultraviolet light 1190 00:20:23,990 --> 00:20:24,000 because ultraviolet light 1191 00:20:24,000 --> 00:20:27,270 because ultraviolet light affects the optics of the instruments so 1192 00:20:27,270 --> 00:20:27,280 affects the optics of the instruments so 1193 00:20:27,280 --> 00:20:29,430 affects the optics of the instruments so they were very pleased at that result 1194 00:20:29,430 --> 00:20:29,440 they were very pleased at that result 1195 00:20:29,440 --> 00:20:31,430 they were very pleased at that result and the final instrument on board is way 1196 00:20:31,430 --> 00:20:31,440 and the final instrument on board is way 1197 00:20:31,440 --> 00:20:33,110 and the final instrument on board is way in the back and you can just barely see 1198 00:20:33,110 --> 00:20:33,120 in the back and you can just barely see 1199 00:20:33,120 --> 00:20:33,669 in the back and you can just barely see the door 1200 00:20:33,669 --> 00:20:33,679 the door 1201 00:20:33,679 --> 00:20:36,230 the door open behind the atmos that's the escape 1202 00:20:36,230 --> 00:20:36,240 open behind the atmos that's the escape 1203 00:20:36,240 --> 00:20:36,870 open behind the atmos that's the escape instrument 1204 00:20:36,870 --> 00:20:36,880 instrument 1205 00:20:36,880 --> 00:20:38,789 instrument and it's a solar physics experiment 1206 00:20:38,789 --> 00:20:38,799 and it's a solar physics experiment 1207 00:20:38,799 --> 00:20:40,310 and it's a solar physics experiment looking at the sun in the extreme 1208 00:20:40,310 --> 00:20:40,320 looking at the sun in the extreme 1209 00:20:40,320 --> 00:20:41,190 looking at the sun in the extreme ultraviolet 1210 00:20:41,190 --> 00:20:41,200 ultraviolet 1211 00:20:41,200 --> 00:20:44,230 ultraviolet uh wavelength region this is our other 1212 00:20:44,230 --> 00:20:44,240 uh wavelength region this is our other 1213 00:20:44,240 --> 00:20:45,830 uh wavelength region this is our other primary payload you've seen in some of 1214 00:20:45,830 --> 00:20:45,840 primary payload you've seen in some of 1215 00:20:45,840 --> 00:20:47,430 primary payload you've seen in some of the other shots that christa spa 1216 00:20:47,430 --> 00:20:47,440 the other shots that christa spa 1217 00:20:47,440 --> 00:20:50,470 the other shots that christa spa satellite and krista is the main 1218 00:20:50,470 --> 00:20:50,480 satellite and krista is the main 1219 00:20:50,480 --> 00:20:52,390 satellite and krista is the main instrument that you see here the big 1220 00:20:52,390 --> 00:20:52,400 instrument that you see here the big 1221 00:20:52,400 --> 00:20:53,510 instrument that you see here the big white cylinder 1222 00:20:53,510 --> 00:20:53,520 white cylinder 1223 00:20:53,520 --> 00:20:55,430 white cylinder and it's cooled by cryogenic helium 1224 00:20:55,430 --> 00:20:55,440 and it's cooled by cryogenic helium 1225 00:20:55,440 --> 00:20:56,870 and it's cooled by cryogenic helium which is what takes up a lot of that 1226 00:20:56,870 --> 00:20:56,880 which is what takes up a lot of that 1227 00:20:56,880 --> 00:20:58,149 which is what takes up a lot of that space there 1228 00:20:58,149 --> 00:20:58,159 space there 1229 00:20:58,159 --> 00:20:59,830 space there christa's primary objective is to 1230 00:20:59,830 --> 00:20:59,840 christa's primary objective is to 1231 00:20:59,840 --> 00:21:01,510 christa's primary objective is to understand more about whether in the 1232 00:21:01,510 --> 00:21:01,520 understand more about whether in the 1233 00:21:01,520 --> 00:21:03,830 understand more about whether in the stratosphere or the middle atmosphere 1234 00:21:03,830 --> 00:21:03,840 stratosphere or the middle atmosphere 1235 00:21:03,840 --> 00:21:04,950 stratosphere or the middle atmosphere of course we're all familiar with 1236 00:21:04,950 --> 00:21:04,960 of course we're all familiar with 1237 00:21:04,960 --> 00:21:06,710 of course we're all familiar with weather in the troposphere which is what 1238 00:21:06,710 --> 00:21:06,720 weather in the troposphere which is what 1239 00:21:06,720 --> 00:21:07,590 weather in the troposphere which is what we experience 1240 00:21:07,590 --> 00:21:07,600 we experience 1241 00:21:07,600 --> 00:21:09,909 we experience every day but there are a lot of 1242 00:21:09,909 --> 00:21:09,919 every day but there are a lot of 1243 00:21:09,919 --> 00:21:11,590 every day but there are a lot of phenomena that are very similar in the 1244 00:21:11,590 --> 00:21:11,600 phenomena that are very similar in the 1245 00:21:11,600 --> 00:21:13,110 phenomena that are very similar in the middle atmosphere winds 1246 00:21:13,110 --> 00:21:13,120 middle atmosphere winds 1247 00:21:13,120 --> 00:21:16,230 middle atmosphere winds turbulence large temperature changes and 1248 00:21:16,230 --> 00:21:16,240 turbulence large temperature changes and 1249 00:21:16,240 --> 00:21:18,230 turbulence large temperature changes and not very much is known about that 1250 00:21:18,230 --> 00:21:18,240 not very much is known about that 1251 00:21:18,240 --> 00:21:19,990 not very much is known about that and by measuring different chemicals 1252 00:21:19,990 --> 00:21:20,000 and by measuring different chemicals 1253 00:21:20,000 --> 00:21:21,750 and by measuring different chemicals that can act as tracers 1254 00:21:21,750 --> 00:21:21,760 that can act as tracers 1255 00:21:21,760 --> 00:21:23,350 that can act as tracers they hope to understand quite a bit more 1256 00:21:23,350 --> 00:21:23,360 they hope to understand quite a bit more 1257 00:21:23,360 --> 00:21:25,830 they hope to understand quite a bit more about that as they go through their data 1258 00:21:25,830 --> 00:21:25,840 about that as they go through their data 1259 00:21:25,840 --> 00:21:28,310 about that as they go through their data they're also producing the first global 1260 00:21:28,310 --> 00:21:28,320 they're also producing the first global 1261 00:21:28,320 --> 00:21:30,390 they're also producing the first global map of atomic oxygen 1262 00:21:30,390 --> 00:21:30,400 map of atomic oxygen 1263 00:21:30,400 --> 00:21:32,390 map of atomic oxygen in our atmosphere which scientists think 1264 00:21:32,390 --> 00:21:32,400 in our atmosphere which scientists think 1265 00:21:32,400 --> 00:21:34,149 in our atmosphere which scientists think helped cool the earth 1266 00:21:34,149 --> 00:21:34,159 helped cool the earth 1267 00:21:34,159 --> 00:21:36,630 helped cool the earth the other primary instrument marcy is 1268 00:21:36,630 --> 00:21:36,640 the other primary instrument marcy is 1269 00:21:36,640 --> 00:21:38,549 the other primary instrument marcy is sitting right here under these 1270 00:21:38,549 --> 00:21:38,559 sitting right here under these 1271 00:21:38,559 --> 00:21:41,270 sitting right here under these insulating blankets and it was measuring 1272 00:21:41,270 --> 00:21:41,280 insulating blankets and it was measuring 1273 00:21:41,280 --> 00:21:43,669 insulating blankets and it was measuring hydroxyl and nitric oxide which are two 1274 00:21:43,669 --> 00:21:43,679 hydroxyl and nitric oxide which are two 1275 00:21:43,679 --> 00:21:44,870 hydroxyl and nitric oxide which are two important chemicals 1276 00:21:44,870 --> 00:21:44,880 important chemicals 1277 00:21:44,880 --> 00:21:48,549 important chemicals in the ozone depletion process we had 1278 00:21:48,549 --> 00:21:48,559 in the ozone depletion process we had 1279 00:21:48,559 --> 00:21:50,310 in the ozone depletion process we had as i mentioned opportunity to see three 1280 00:21:50,310 --> 00:21:50,320 as i mentioned opportunity to see three 1281 00:21:50,320 --> 00:21:51,990 as i mentioned opportunity to see three different storms one of them was 1282 00:21:51,990 --> 00:21:52,000 different storms one of them was 1283 00:21:52,000 --> 00:21:55,430 different storms one of them was a super cyclone zelda that was out in 1284 00:21:55,430 --> 00:21:55,440 a super cyclone zelda that was out in 1285 00:21:55,440 --> 00:21:56,390 a super cyclone zelda that was out in the pacific 1286 00:21:56,390 --> 00:21:56,400 the pacific 1287 00:21:56,400 --> 00:21:58,870 the pacific we also saw a tropical storm gordon 1288 00:21:58,870 --> 00:21:58,880 we also saw a tropical storm gordon 1289 00:21:58,880 --> 00:21:59,669 we also saw a tropical storm gordon develop 1290 00:21:59,669 --> 00:21:59,679 develop 1291 00:21:59,679 --> 00:22:01,270 develop off the coast of the yucatan which 1292 00:22:01,270 --> 00:22:01,280 off the coast of the yucatan which 1293 00:22:01,280 --> 00:22:03,590 off the coast of the yucatan which eventually became a hurricane and 1294 00:22:03,590 --> 00:22:03,600 eventually became a hurricane and 1295 00:22:03,600 --> 00:22:05,430 eventually became a hurricane and caused some pretty heavy rains in 1296 00:22:05,430 --> 00:22:05,440 caused some pretty heavy rains in 1297 00:22:05,440 --> 00:22:07,990 caused some pretty heavy rains in florida and severe damage 1298 00:22:07,990 --> 00:22:08,000 florida and severe damage 1299 00:22:08,000 --> 00:22:09,510 florida and severe damage gordon was also one of the reasons 1300 00:22:09,510 --> 00:22:09,520 gordon was also one of the reasons 1301 00:22:09,520 --> 00:22:11,270 gordon was also one of the reasons obviously that we did not land at the 1302 00:22:11,270 --> 00:22:11,280 obviously that we did not land at the 1303 00:22:11,280 --> 00:22:12,710 obviously that we did not land at the kennedy space center because it was 1304 00:22:12,710 --> 00:22:12,720 kennedy space center because it was 1305 00:22:12,720 --> 00:22:15,110 kennedy space center because it was affecting the peninsula at that time 1306 00:22:15,110 --> 00:22:15,120 affecting the peninsula at that time 1307 00:22:15,120 --> 00:22:18,149 affecting the peninsula at that time this is again hurricane florence which 1308 00:22:18,149 --> 00:22:18,159 this is again hurricane florence which 1309 00:22:18,159 --> 00:22:19,510 this is again hurricane florence which developed 1310 00:22:19,510 --> 00:22:19,520 developed 1311 00:22:19,520 --> 00:22:22,549 developed southeast of bermuda it eventually moved 1312 00:22:22,549 --> 00:22:22,559 southeast of bermuda it eventually moved 1313 00:22:22,559 --> 00:22:23,830 southeast of bermuda it eventually moved north and became 1314 00:22:23,830 --> 00:22:23,840 north and became 1315 00:22:23,840 --> 00:22:25,350 north and became extra tropical and never reached 1316 00:22:25,350 --> 00:22:25,360 extra tropical and never reached 1317 00:22:25,360 --> 00:22:27,430 extra tropical and never reached landfall as a hurricane but the moisture 1318 00:22:27,430 --> 00:22:27,440 landfall as a hurricane but the moisture 1319 00:22:27,440 --> 00:22:28,870 landfall as a hurricane but the moisture from this storm 1320 00:22:28,870 --> 00:22:28,880 from this storm 1321 00:22:28,880 --> 00:22:31,750 from this storm combined with a storm over europe and 1322 00:22:31,750 --> 00:22:31,760 combined with a storm over europe and 1323 00:22:31,760 --> 00:22:33,510 combined with a storm over europe and caused some fairly severe flooding over 1324 00:22:33,510 --> 00:22:33,520 caused some fairly severe flooding over 1325 00:22:33,520 --> 00:22:35,990 caused some fairly severe flooding over france and spain 1326 00:22:35,990 --> 00:22:36,000 france and spain 1327 00:22:36,000 --> 00:22:38,070 france and spain this is the indonesia or part of the 1328 00:22:38,070 --> 00:22:38,080 this is the indonesia or part of the 1329 00:22:38,080 --> 00:22:39,110 this is the indonesia or part of the indonesia chain 1330 00:22:39,110 --> 00:22:39,120 indonesia chain 1331 00:22:39,120 --> 00:22:41,590 indonesia chain looking from the north to the south the 1332 00:22:41,590 --> 00:22:41,600 looking from the north to the south the 1333 00:22:41,600 --> 00:22:43,190 looking from the north to the south the large island here of 1334 00:22:43,190 --> 00:22:43,200 large island here of 1335 00:22:43,200 --> 00:22:46,390 large island here of java is present as well as the 1336 00:22:46,390 --> 00:22:46,400 java is present as well as the 1337 00:22:46,400 --> 00:22:49,830 java is present as well as the islands of bali here and lombok 1338 00:22:49,830 --> 00:22:49,840 islands of bali here and lombok 1339 00:22:49,840 --> 00:22:51,750 islands of bali here and lombok on bali and lombok there were some 1340 00:22:51,750 --> 00:22:51,760 on bali and lombok there were some 1341 00:22:51,760 --> 00:22:53,990 on bali and lombok there were some fairly severe eruptions of volcanoes 1342 00:22:53,990 --> 00:22:54,000 fairly severe eruptions of volcanoes 1343 00:22:54,000 --> 00:22:58,710 fairly severe eruptions of volcanoes in the summer of 1993. there are two 1344 00:22:58,710 --> 00:22:58,720 in the summer of 1993. there are two 1345 00:22:58,720 --> 00:23:01,350 in the summer of 1993. there are two volcanoes on java that are venting steam 1346 00:23:01,350 --> 00:23:01,360 volcanoes on java that are venting steam 1347 00:23:01,360 --> 00:23:02,070 volcanoes on java that are venting steam right now 1348 00:23:02,070 --> 00:23:02,080 right now 1349 00:23:02,080 --> 00:23:05,270 right now one of them is arjuna which is near the 1350 00:23:05,270 --> 00:23:05,280 one of them is arjuna which is near the 1351 00:23:05,280 --> 00:23:06,390 one of them is arjuna which is near the center of the screen 1352 00:23:06,390 --> 00:23:06,400 center of the screen 1353 00:23:06,400 --> 00:23:08,070 center of the screen and it's difficult to see the venting 1354 00:23:08,070 --> 00:23:08,080 and it's difficult to see the venting 1355 00:23:08,080 --> 00:23:10,310 and it's difficult to see the venting that's occurring also over on the right 1356 00:23:10,310 --> 00:23:10,320 that's occurring also over on the right 1357 00:23:10,320 --> 00:23:11,750 that's occurring also over on the right side of the screen which is difficult to 1358 00:23:11,750 --> 00:23:11,760 side of the screen which is difficult to 1359 00:23:11,760 --> 00:23:12,390 side of the screen which is difficult to see here 1360 00:23:12,390 --> 00:23:12,400 see here 1361 00:23:12,400 --> 00:23:16,310 see here is marapai marapai 1362 00:23:16,310 --> 00:23:16,320 is marapai marapai 1363 00:23:16,320 --> 00:23:17,909 is marapai marapai three weeks after this photograph was 1364 00:23:17,909 --> 00:23:17,919 three weeks after this photograph was 1365 00:23:17,919 --> 00:23:19,830 three weeks after this photograph was taken had a major eruption which caused 1366 00:23:19,830 --> 00:23:19,840 taken had a major eruption which caused 1367 00:23:19,840 --> 00:23:21,029 taken had a major eruption which caused some fairly deadly 1368 00:23:21,029 --> 00:23:21,039 some fairly deadly 1369 00:23:21,039 --> 00:23:25,110 some fairly deadly mudslides to occur on the island of java 1370 00:23:25,110 --> 00:23:25,120 mudslides to occur on the island of java 1371 00:23:25,120 --> 00:23:26,870 mudslides to occur on the island of java this is the ganges river delta the 1372 00:23:26,870 --> 00:23:26,880 this is the ganges river delta the 1373 00:23:26,880 --> 00:23:28,630 this is the ganges river delta the largest delta in the world 1374 00:23:28,630 --> 00:23:28,640 largest delta in the world 1375 00:23:28,640 --> 00:23:29,990 largest delta in the world this photograph is centered on the 1376 00:23:29,990 --> 00:23:30,000 this photograph is centered on the 1377 00:23:30,000 --> 00:23:31,830 this photograph is centered on the country of bangladesh 1378 00:23:31,830 --> 00:23:31,840 country of bangladesh 1379 00:23:31,840 --> 00:23:35,270 country of bangladesh and what you can see here at the base 1380 00:23:35,270 --> 00:23:35,280 and what you can see here at the base 1381 00:23:35,280 --> 00:23:37,909 and what you can see here at the base is massive amounts of silt and clay 1382 00:23:37,909 --> 00:23:37,919 is massive amounts of silt and clay 1383 00:23:37,919 --> 00:23:39,270 is massive amounts of silt and clay sediment 1384 00:23:39,270 --> 00:23:39,280 sediment 1385 00:23:39,280 --> 00:23:40,870 sediment originating from the ganges and 1386 00:23:40,870 --> 00:23:40,880 originating from the ganges and 1387 00:23:40,880 --> 00:23:42,950 originating from the ganges and brahmaputra rivers uh 1388 00:23:42,950 --> 00:23:42,960 brahmaputra rivers uh 1389 00:23:42,960 --> 00:23:46,549 brahmaputra rivers uh far upstream it's a an ecological 1390 00:23:46,549 --> 00:23:46,559 far upstream it's a an ecological 1391 00:23:46,559 --> 00:23:50,549 far upstream it's a an ecological area of key importance because all this 1392 00:23:50,549 --> 00:23:50,559 area of key importance because all this 1393 00:23:50,559 --> 00:23:54,710 area of key importance because all this is mangrove habitat it's a 1394 00:23:54,710 --> 00:23:54,720 is mangrove habitat it's a 1395 00:23:54,720 --> 00:23:57,669 is mangrove habitat it's a area where many aquatic and landforms 1396 00:23:57,669 --> 00:23:57,679 area where many aquatic and landforms 1397 00:23:57,679 --> 00:23:58,710 area where many aquatic and landforms live 1398 00:23:58,710 --> 00:23:58,720 live 1399 00:23:58,720 --> 00:24:00,789 live notably in the remaining forested 1400 00:24:00,789 --> 00:24:00,799 notably in the remaining forested 1401 00:24:00,799 --> 00:24:01,830 notably in the remaining forested mangroves 1402 00:24:01,830 --> 00:24:01,840 mangroves 1403 00:24:01,840 --> 00:24:05,269 mangroves here at the bottom of the view 1404 00:24:05,269 --> 00:24:05,279 here at the bottom of the view 1405 00:24:05,279 --> 00:24:08,470 here at the bottom of the view the asian tiger resides 1406 00:24:08,470 --> 00:24:08,480 the asian tiger resides 1407 00:24:08,480 --> 00:24:11,430 the asian tiger resides unfortunately other pressures have 1408 00:24:11,430 --> 00:24:11,440 unfortunately other pressures have 1409 00:24:11,440 --> 00:24:13,190 unfortunately other pressures have caused a 1410 00:24:13,190 --> 00:24:13,200 caused a 1411 00:24:13,200 --> 00:24:16,549 caused a significant amount of deforestation and 1412 00:24:16,549 --> 00:24:16,559 significant amount of deforestation and 1413 00:24:16,559 --> 00:24:19,750 significant amount of deforestation and movement towards uh converting mangroves 1414 00:24:19,750 --> 00:24:19,760 movement towards uh converting mangroves 1415 00:24:19,760 --> 00:24:20,789 movement towards uh converting mangroves into 1416 00:24:20,789 --> 00:24:20,799 into 1417 00:24:20,799 --> 00:24:23,029 into rice paddies and so the shuttle 1418 00:24:23,029 --> 00:24:23,039 rice paddies and so the shuttle 1419 00:24:23,039 --> 00:24:24,230 rice paddies and so the shuttle photography 1420 00:24:24,230 --> 00:24:24,240 photography 1421 00:24:24,240 --> 00:24:26,390 photography helps scientists document the rate of 1422 00:24:26,390 --> 00:24:26,400 helps scientists document the rate of 1423 00:24:26,400 --> 00:24:27,510 helps scientists document the rate of environmental change 1424 00:24:27,510 --> 00:24:27,520 environmental change 1425 00:24:27,520 --> 00:24:30,470 environmental change as well as geologic change including 1426 00:24:30,470 --> 00:24:30,480 as well as geologic change including 1427 00:24:30,480 --> 00:24:31,750 as well as geologic change including delta growth because of all the 1428 00:24:31,750 --> 00:24:31,760 delta growth because of all the 1429 00:24:31,760 --> 00:24:32,950 delta growth because of all the sediments coming from 1430 00:24:32,950 --> 00:24:32,960 sediments coming from 1431 00:24:32,960 --> 00:24:36,470 sediments coming from the rivers upstream this is a 1432 00:24:36,470 --> 00:24:36,480 the rivers upstream this is a 1433 00:24:36,480 --> 00:24:38,549 the rivers upstream this is a gorgeous shot of the highest mountain in 1434 00:24:38,549 --> 00:24:38,559 gorgeous shot of the highest mountain in 1435 00:24:38,559 --> 00:24:40,230 gorgeous shot of the highest mountain in the world this is the summit 1436 00:24:40,230 --> 00:24:40,240 the world this is the summit 1437 00:24:40,240 --> 00:24:44,390 the world this is the summit of mount everest it stands at 8848 1438 00:24:44,390 --> 00:24:44,400 of mount everest it stands at 8848 1439 00:24:44,400 --> 00:24:45,269 of mount everest it stands at 8848 meters 1440 00:24:45,269 --> 00:24:45,279 meters 1441 00:24:45,279 --> 00:24:47,510 meters or for those of you who aren't metric 1442 00:24:47,510 --> 00:24:47,520 or for those of you who aren't metric 1443 00:24:47,520 --> 00:24:49,909 or for those of you who aren't metric it's uh 29 000 feet and 1444 00:24:49,909 --> 00:24:49,919 it's uh 29 000 feet and 1445 00:24:49,919 --> 00:24:53,269 it's uh 29 000 feet and change it is an area of 1446 00:24:53,269 --> 00:24:53,279 change it is an area of 1447 00:24:53,279 --> 00:24:56,070 change it is an area of special significance for me because had 1448 00:24:56,070 --> 00:24:56,080 special significance for me because had 1449 00:24:56,080 --> 00:24:57,990 special significance for me because had i not been selected as an astronaut two 1450 00:24:57,990 --> 00:24:58,000 i not been selected as an astronaut two 1451 00:24:58,000 --> 00:24:58,950 i not been selected as an astronaut two years ago 1452 00:24:58,950 --> 00:24:58,960 years ago 1453 00:24:58,960 --> 00:25:00,149 years ago i would have been on a climbing 1454 00:25:00,149 --> 00:25:00,159 i would have been on a climbing 1455 00:25:00,159 --> 00:25:02,310 i would have been on a climbing expedition and probably 1456 00:25:02,310 --> 00:25:02,320 expedition and probably 1457 00:25:02,320 --> 00:25:04,470 expedition and probably or hopefully would have been standing on 1458 00:25:04,470 --> 00:25:04,480 or hopefully would have been standing on 1459 00:25:04,480 --> 00:25:05,510 or hopefully would have been standing on the summit as my 1460 00:25:05,510 --> 00:25:05,520 the summit as my 1461 00:25:05,520 --> 00:25:09,510 the summit as my sts-66 compatriots flew overhead 1462 00:25:09,510 --> 00:25:09,520 sts-66 compatriots flew overhead 1463 00:25:09,520 --> 00:25:12,630 sts-66 compatriots flew overhead this is a tremendous synoptic view a low 1464 00:25:12,630 --> 00:25:12,640 this is a tremendous synoptic view a low 1465 00:25:12,640 --> 00:25:13,510 this is a tremendous synoptic view a low oblique 1466 00:25:13,510 --> 00:25:13,520 oblique 1467 00:25:13,520 --> 00:25:14,870 oblique of the region that we've just been 1468 00:25:14,870 --> 00:25:14,880 of the region that we've just been 1469 00:25:14,880 --> 00:25:16,630 of the region that we've just been talking about 1470 00:25:16,630 --> 00:25:16,640 talking about 1471 00:25:16,640 --> 00:25:19,350 talking about off in the distance here you can see the 1472 00:25:19,350 --> 00:25:19,360 off in the distance here you can see the 1473 00:25:19,360 --> 00:25:21,269 off in the distance here you can see the beginnings of the ganges river delta 1474 00:25:21,269 --> 00:25:21,279 beginnings of the ganges river delta 1475 00:25:21,279 --> 00:25:23,430 beginnings of the ganges river delta you can see the foothills of the 1476 00:25:23,430 --> 00:25:23,440 you can see the foothills of the 1477 00:25:23,440 --> 00:25:24,470 you can see the foothills of the himalaya 1478 00:25:24,470 --> 00:25:24,480 himalaya 1479 00:25:24,480 --> 00:25:27,110 himalaya the roof of the world and the tibetan 1480 00:25:27,110 --> 00:25:27,120 the roof of the world and the tibetan 1481 00:25:27,120 --> 00:25:29,510 the roof of the world and the tibetan plateau 1482 00:25:29,510 --> 00:25:29,520 plateau 1483 00:25:29,520 --> 00:25:31,430 plateau in this view you can see bow tie lake 1484 00:25:31,430 --> 00:25:31,440 in this view you can see bow tie lake 1485 00:25:31,440 --> 00:25:33,110 in this view you can see bow tie lake which we pointed out in our movie 1486 00:25:33,110 --> 00:25:33,120 which we pointed out in our movie 1487 00:25:33,120 --> 00:25:35,510 which we pointed out in our movie you can also see the everest region and 1488 00:25:35,510 --> 00:25:35,520 you can also see the everest region and 1489 00:25:35,520 --> 00:25:37,269 you can also see the everest region and the annapurna region 1490 00:25:37,269 --> 00:25:37,279 the annapurna region 1491 00:25:37,279 --> 00:25:38,950 the annapurna region you can see several tributaries and 1492 00:25:38,950 --> 00:25:38,960 you can see several tributaries and 1493 00:25:38,960 --> 00:25:41,990 you can see several tributaries and alluvial fans feeding the ganges river 1494 00:25:41,990 --> 00:25:42,000 alluvial fans feeding the ganges river 1495 00:25:42,000 --> 00:25:44,149 alluvial fans feeding the ganges river and this uh this view really 1496 00:25:44,149 --> 00:25:44,159 and this uh this view really 1497 00:25:44,159 --> 00:25:46,470 and this uh this view really demonstrates the rain shadow effect 1498 00:25:46,470 --> 00:25:46,480 demonstrates the rain shadow effect 1499 00:25:46,480 --> 00:25:49,350 demonstrates the rain shadow effect and what i mean by that is uh warm uh 1500 00:25:49,350 --> 00:25:49,360 and what i mean by that is uh warm uh 1501 00:25:49,360 --> 00:25:50,149 and what i mean by that is uh warm uh moist air 1502 00:25:50,149 --> 00:25:50,159 moist air 1503 00:25:50,159 --> 00:25:52,630 moist air emanating from the indian ocean meets 1504 00:25:52,630 --> 00:25:52,640 emanating from the indian ocean meets 1505 00:25:52,640 --> 00:25:55,029 emanating from the indian ocean meets the himalaya and as that air rises 1506 00:25:55,029 --> 00:25:55,039 the himalaya and as that air rises 1507 00:25:55,039 --> 00:25:56,710 the himalaya and as that air rises it drops all of its moisture in the form 1508 00:25:56,710 --> 00:25:56,720 it drops all of its moisture in the form 1509 00:25:56,720 --> 00:25:58,870 it drops all of its moisture in the form of precipitation and so we have 1510 00:25:58,870 --> 00:25:58,880 of precipitation and so we have 1511 00:25:58,880 --> 00:26:02,390 of precipitation and so we have green lowlands and very snowy high peaks 1512 00:26:02,390 --> 00:26:02,400 green lowlands and very snowy high peaks 1513 00:26:02,400 --> 00:26:07,830 green lowlands and very snowy high peaks but very arid territory over here 1514 00:26:07,830 --> 00:26:07,840 1515 00:26:07,840 --> 00:26:11,909 one of the more nice places where the 1516 00:26:11,909 --> 00:26:11,919 one of the more nice places where the 1517 00:26:11,919 --> 00:26:13,669 one of the more nice places where the new places take photos from orbit is the 1518 00:26:13,669 --> 00:26:13,679 new places take photos from orbit is the 1519 00:26:13,679 --> 00:26:15,669 new places take photos from orbit is the middle east because it's always clear 1520 00:26:15,669 --> 00:26:15,679 middle east because it's always clear 1521 00:26:15,679 --> 00:26:17,750 middle east because it's always clear hardly ever a cloud in in the sky and 1522 00:26:17,750 --> 00:26:17,760 hardly ever a cloud in in the sky and 1523 00:26:17,760 --> 00:26:19,590 hardly ever a cloud in in the sky and what we're looking at here is the uh 1524 00:26:19,590 --> 00:26:19,600 what we're looking at here is the uh 1525 00:26:19,600 --> 00:26:21,110 what we're looking at here is the uh sinai peninsula pretty much in the 1526 00:26:21,110 --> 00:26:21,120 sinai peninsula pretty much in the 1527 00:26:21,120 --> 00:26:22,950 sinai peninsula pretty much in the center of the frame with egypt and 1528 00:26:22,950 --> 00:26:22,960 center of the frame with egypt and 1529 00:26:22,960 --> 00:26:25,110 center of the frame with egypt and africa to to the top 1530 00:26:25,110 --> 00:26:25,120 africa to to the top 1531 00:26:25,120 --> 00:26:28,950 africa to to the top and the land form here that we see 1532 00:26:28,950 --> 00:26:28,960 and the land form here that we see 1533 00:26:28,960 --> 00:26:31,350 and the land form here that we see we take photos from orbit for many 1534 00:26:31,350 --> 00:26:31,360 we take photos from orbit for many 1535 00:26:31,360 --> 00:26:33,269 we take photos from orbit for many different reasons a lot of them are 1536 00:26:33,269 --> 00:26:33,279 different reasons a lot of them are 1537 00:26:33,279 --> 00:26:34,149 different reasons a lot of them are taken just due to 1538 00:26:34,149 --> 00:26:34,159 taken just due to 1539 00:26:34,159 --> 00:26:36,710 taken just due to the sheer beauty however we do take a 1540 00:26:36,710 --> 00:26:36,720 the sheer beauty however we do take a 1541 00:26:36,720 --> 00:26:37,669 the sheer beauty however we do take a lot to 1542 00:26:37,669 --> 00:26:37,679 lot to 1543 00:26:37,679 --> 00:26:40,390 lot to to study the earth geology is a major 1544 00:26:40,390 --> 00:26:40,400 to study the earth geology is a major 1545 00:26:40,400 --> 00:26:40,870 to study the earth geology is a major issue 1546 00:26:40,870 --> 00:26:40,880 issue 1547 00:26:40,880 --> 00:26:43,909 issue meteorology how humans are affecting the 1548 00:26:43,909 --> 00:26:43,919 meteorology how humans are affecting the 1549 00:26:43,919 --> 00:26:46,310 meteorology how humans are affecting the climate and how they're using the land 1550 00:26:46,310 --> 00:26:46,320 climate and how they're using the land 1551 00:26:46,320 --> 00:26:47,990 climate and how they're using the land so give example this slide 1552 00:26:47,990 --> 00:26:48,000 so give example this slide 1553 00:26:48,000 --> 00:26:50,950 so give example this slide has a lot of those issues in it the dead 1554 00:26:50,950 --> 00:26:50,960 has a lot of those issues in it the dead 1555 00:26:50,960 --> 00:26:52,310 has a lot of those issues in it the dead sea fault right here 1556 00:26:52,310 --> 00:26:52,320 sea fault right here 1557 00:26:52,320 --> 00:26:54,230 sea fault right here with the dead sea sitting here is the 1558 00:26:54,230 --> 00:26:54,240 with the dead sea sitting here is the 1559 00:26:54,240 --> 00:26:55,750 with the dead sea sitting here is the lowest place in the world 1560 00:26:55,750 --> 00:26:55,760 lowest place in the world 1561 00:26:55,760 --> 00:26:58,149 lowest place in the world uh over 300 meters below sea level 1562 00:26:58,149 --> 00:26:58,159 uh over 300 meters below sea level 1563 00:26:58,159 --> 00:26:59,750 uh over 300 meters below sea level everything flows in there pretty much 1564 00:26:59,750 --> 00:26:59,760 everything flows in there pretty much 1565 00:26:59,760 --> 00:27:01,190 everything flows in there pretty much nothing flows out obviously 1566 00:27:01,190 --> 00:27:01,200 nothing flows out obviously 1567 00:27:01,200 --> 00:27:04,070 nothing flows out obviously at that sea level uh it represents the 1568 00:27:04,070 --> 00:27:04,080 at that sea level uh it represents the 1569 00:27:04,080 --> 00:27:05,590 at that sea level uh it represents the geology that we look for 1570 00:27:05,590 --> 00:27:05,600 geology that we look for 1571 00:27:05,600 --> 00:27:07,909 geology that we look for is to we from space we can see the big 1572 00:27:07,909 --> 00:27:07,919 is to we from space we can see the big 1573 00:27:07,919 --> 00:27:09,269 is to we from space we can see the big picture of how 1574 00:27:09,269 --> 00:27:09,279 picture of how 1575 00:27:09,279 --> 00:27:11,269 picture of how different plates of the planet are 1576 00:27:11,269 --> 00:27:11,279 different plates of the planet are 1577 00:27:11,279 --> 00:27:13,269 different plates of the planet are moving around and tearing apart 1578 00:27:13,269 --> 00:27:13,279 moving around and tearing apart 1579 00:27:13,279 --> 00:27:15,269 moving around and tearing apart and we've been studying that in a lot of 1580 00:27:15,269 --> 00:27:15,279 and we've been studying that in a lot of 1581 00:27:15,279 --> 00:27:17,269 and we've been studying that in a lot of different areas of the world 1582 00:27:17,269 --> 00:27:17,279 different areas of the world 1583 00:27:17,279 --> 00:27:19,350 different areas of the world vegetation and how we use the land the 1584 00:27:19,350 --> 00:27:19,360 vegetation and how we use the land the 1585 00:27:19,360 --> 00:27:20,789 vegetation and how we use the land the little vegetation streak you see right 1586 00:27:20,789 --> 00:27:20,799 little vegetation streak you see right 1587 00:27:20,799 --> 00:27:22,310 little vegetation streak you see right here separates egypt to the 1588 00:27:22,310 --> 00:27:22,320 here separates egypt to the 1589 00:27:22,320 --> 00:27:25,750 here separates egypt to the south from the gaza strip and also 1590 00:27:25,750 --> 00:27:25,760 south from the gaza strip and also 1591 00:27:25,760 --> 00:27:27,190 south from the gaza strip and also if you look right in this area is the 1592 00:27:27,190 --> 00:27:27,200 if you look right in this area is the 1593 00:27:27,200 --> 00:27:28,870 if you look right in this area is the river now delta 1594 00:27:28,870 --> 00:27:28,880 river now delta 1595 00:27:28,880 --> 00:27:31,190 river now delta where is highly cultivated and the 1596 00:27:31,190 --> 00:27:31,200 where is highly cultivated and the 1597 00:27:31,200 --> 00:27:32,950 where is highly cultivated and the ribbon of the now which is very historic 1598 00:27:32,950 --> 00:27:32,960 ribbon of the now which is very historic 1599 00:27:32,960 --> 00:27:34,389 ribbon of the now which is very historic both in religion and history 1600 00:27:34,389 --> 00:27:34,399 both in religion and history 1601 00:27:34,399 --> 00:27:37,110 both in religion and history as it flows or comes from southern 1602 00:27:37,110 --> 00:27:37,120 as it flows or comes from southern 1603 00:27:37,120 --> 00:27:38,710 as it flows or comes from southern africa there 1604 00:27:38,710 --> 00:27:38,720 africa there 1605 00:27:38,720 --> 00:27:41,350 africa there again we can study these areas using uh 1606 00:27:41,350 --> 00:27:41,360 again we can study these areas using uh 1607 00:27:41,360 --> 00:27:41,909 again we can study these areas using uh color 1608 00:27:41,909 --> 00:27:41,919 color 1609 00:27:41,919 --> 00:27:44,630 color visual photos like this one or color 1610 00:27:44,630 --> 00:27:44,640 visual photos like this one or color 1611 00:27:44,640 --> 00:27:46,230 visual photos like this one or color infrared which you'll see here in a few 1612 00:27:46,230 --> 00:27:46,240 infrared which you'll see here in a few 1613 00:27:46,240 --> 00:27:47,029 infrared which you'll see here in a few moments 1614 00:27:47,029 --> 00:27:47,039 moments 1615 00:27:47,039 --> 00:27:49,110 moments and we can understand how the 1616 00:27:49,110 --> 00:27:49,120 and we can understand how the 1617 00:27:49,120 --> 00:27:50,710 and we can understand how the inhabitants are using that land whether 1618 00:27:50,710 --> 00:27:50,720 inhabitants are using that land whether 1619 00:27:50,720 --> 00:27:52,870 inhabitants are using that land whether they're over using it or under using it 1620 00:27:52,870 --> 00:27:52,880 they're over using it or under using it 1621 00:27:52,880 --> 00:27:54,710 they're over using it or under using it how the irrigation and water system is 1622 00:27:54,710 --> 00:27:54,720 how the irrigation and water system is 1623 00:27:54,720 --> 00:27:56,149 how the irrigation and water system is working 1624 00:27:56,149 --> 00:27:56,159 working 1625 00:27:56,159 --> 00:27:58,389 working also meteorology from this slide if you 1626 00:27:58,389 --> 00:27:58,399 also meteorology from this slide if you 1627 00:27:58,399 --> 00:28:00,230 also meteorology from this slide if you look down in the left part here you can 1628 00:28:00,230 --> 00:28:00,240 look down in the left part here you can 1629 00:28:00,240 --> 00:28:00,710 look down in the left part here you can see 1630 00:28:00,710 --> 00:28:00,720 see 1631 00:28:00,720 --> 00:28:02,549 see basically streaks caused by high winds 1632 00:28:02,549 --> 00:28:02,559 basically streaks caused by high winds 1633 00:28:02,559 --> 00:28:04,230 basically streaks caused by high winds and sand dunes and 1634 00:28:04,230 --> 00:28:04,240 and sand dunes and 1635 00:28:04,240 --> 00:28:06,310 and sand dunes and different materials moving around 1636 00:28:06,310 --> 00:28:06,320 different materials moving around 1637 00:28:06,320 --> 00:28:07,669 different materials moving around another example 1638 00:28:07,669 --> 00:28:07,679 another example 1639 00:28:07,679 --> 00:28:10,230 another example of this is western africa over in here 1640 00:28:10,230 --> 00:28:10,240 of this is western africa over in here 1641 00:28:10,240 --> 00:28:12,070 of this is western africa over in here we wind up seeing a lot of sand 1642 00:28:12,070 --> 00:28:12,080 we wind up seeing a lot of sand 1643 00:28:12,080 --> 00:28:15,029 we wind up seeing a lot of sand and material blowing off the western 1644 00:28:15,029 --> 00:28:15,039 and material blowing off the western 1645 00:28:15,039 --> 00:28:16,789 and material blowing off the western deserts of africa 1646 00:28:16,789 --> 00:28:16,799 deserts of africa 1647 00:28:16,799 --> 00:28:18,789 deserts of africa in the same systems that bring us the 1648 00:28:18,789 --> 00:28:18,799 in the same systems that bring us the 1649 00:28:18,799 --> 00:28:21,029 in the same systems that bring us the hurricanes 1650 00:28:21,029 --> 00:28:21,039 hurricanes 1651 00:28:21,039 --> 00:28:23,590 hurricanes across the atlantic to central america 1652 00:28:23,590 --> 00:28:23,600 across the atlantic to central america 1653 00:28:23,600 --> 00:28:24,149 across the atlantic to central america and to the 1654 00:28:24,149 --> 00:28:24,159 and to the 1655 00:28:24,159 --> 00:28:26,710 and to the united states area we have documented 1656 00:28:26,710 --> 00:28:26,720 united states area we have documented 1657 00:28:26,720 --> 00:28:27,510 united states area we have documented results that show 1658 00:28:27,510 --> 00:28:27,520 results that show 1659 00:28:27,520 --> 00:28:29,510 results that show material maybe off your car in the 1660 00:28:29,510 --> 00:28:29,520 material maybe off your car in the 1661 00:28:29,520 --> 00:28:31,909 material maybe off your car in the mornings of sand and dust that has 1662 00:28:31,909 --> 00:28:31,919 mornings of sand and dust that has 1663 00:28:31,919 --> 00:28:32,789 mornings of sand and dust that has really come from 1664 00:28:32,789 --> 00:28:32,799 really come from 1665 00:28:32,799 --> 00:28:34,630 really come from the african continent and has just been 1666 00:28:34,630 --> 00:28:34,640 the african continent and has just been 1667 00:28:34,640 --> 00:28:36,549 the african continent and has just been carried into upper level winds 1668 00:28:36,549 --> 00:28:36,559 carried into upper level winds 1669 00:28:36,559 --> 00:28:39,350 carried into upper level winds halfway around the world another photo 1670 00:28:39,350 --> 00:28:39,360 halfway around the world another photo 1671 00:28:39,360 --> 00:28:39,990 halfway around the world another photo here showing 1672 00:28:39,990 --> 00:28:40,000 here showing 1673 00:28:40,000 --> 00:28:42,710 here showing the effects of humans on the environment 1674 00:28:42,710 --> 00:28:42,720 the effects of humans on the environment 1675 00:28:42,720 --> 00:28:44,149 the effects of humans on the environment this is the okavango 1676 00:28:44,149 --> 00:28:44,159 this is the okavango 1677 00:28:44,159 --> 00:28:46,870 this is the okavango river delta in uh northern botswana 1678 00:28:46,870 --> 00:28:46,880 river delta in uh northern botswana 1679 00:28:46,880 --> 00:28:49,669 river delta in uh northern botswana which is in the southern tip of africa 1680 00:28:49,669 --> 00:28:49,679 which is in the southern tip of africa 1681 00:28:49,679 --> 00:28:51,430 which is in the southern tip of africa uh it's an inland delta it's kind of 1682 00:28:51,430 --> 00:28:51,440 uh it's an inland delta it's kind of 1683 00:28:51,440 --> 00:28:53,510 uh it's an inland delta it's kind of unique in that the river flows into this 1684 00:28:53,510 --> 00:28:53,520 unique in that the river flows into this 1685 00:28:53,520 --> 00:28:55,190 unique in that the river flows into this delta usually we think of deltas being 1686 00:28:55,190 --> 00:28:55,200 delta usually we think of deltas being 1687 00:28:55,200 --> 00:28:56,070 delta usually we think of deltas being into the ocean 1688 00:28:56,070 --> 00:28:56,080 into the ocean 1689 00:28:56,080 --> 00:28:58,789 into the ocean like new orleans but this is an inland 1690 00:28:58,789 --> 00:28:58,799 like new orleans but this is an inland 1691 00:28:58,799 --> 00:29:00,230 like new orleans but this is an inland delta 1692 00:29:00,230 --> 00:29:00,240 delta 1693 00:29:00,240 --> 00:29:03,669 delta heavy rains and wetlands in northern 1694 00:29:03,669 --> 00:29:03,679 heavy rains and wetlands in northern 1695 00:29:03,679 --> 00:29:05,669 heavy rains and wetlands in northern or in angola flow down the river and 1696 00:29:05,669 --> 00:29:05,679 or in angola flow down the river and 1697 00:29:05,679 --> 00:29:07,110 or in angola flow down the river and enter the delta at this point 1698 00:29:07,110 --> 00:29:07,120 enter the delta at this point 1699 00:29:07,120 --> 00:29:09,190 enter the delta at this point and due to a bunch of faults and risks 1700 00:29:09,190 --> 00:29:09,200 and due to a bunch of faults and risks 1701 00:29:09,200 --> 00:29:10,710 and due to a bunch of faults and risks again geology wise 1702 00:29:10,710 --> 00:29:10,720 again geology wise 1703 00:29:10,720 --> 00:29:13,669 again geology wise causes the river to dam up and perform 1704 00:29:13,669 --> 00:29:13,679 causes the river to dam up and perform 1705 00:29:13,679 --> 00:29:14,470 causes the river to dam up and perform and 1706 00:29:14,470 --> 00:29:14,480 and 1707 00:29:14,480 --> 00:29:17,590 and form this inland delta the size of the 1708 00:29:17,590 --> 00:29:17,600 form this inland delta the size of the 1709 00:29:17,600 --> 00:29:19,350 form this inland delta the size of the delta is kind of unbelievable from here 1710 00:29:19,350 --> 00:29:19,360 delta is kind of unbelievable from here 1711 00:29:19,360 --> 00:29:20,710 delta is kind of unbelievable from here to the tip of it down here where it 1712 00:29:20,710 --> 00:29:20,720 to the tip of it down here where it 1713 00:29:20,720 --> 00:29:22,070 to the tip of it down here where it enters the kalahari desert 1714 00:29:22,070 --> 00:29:22,080 enters the kalahari desert 1715 00:29:22,080 --> 00:29:25,110 enters the kalahari desert is about 90 95 miles long 1716 00:29:25,110 --> 00:29:25,120 is about 90 95 miles long 1717 00:29:25,120 --> 00:29:26,549 is about 90 95 miles long and it takes over six months from the 1718 00:29:26,549 --> 00:29:26,559 and it takes over six months from the 1719 00:29:26,559 --> 00:29:28,950 and it takes over six months from the water to move from this area to maybe 1720 00:29:28,950 --> 00:29:28,960 water to move from this area to maybe 1721 00:29:28,960 --> 00:29:30,310 water to move from this area to maybe the tip of the delta 1722 00:29:30,310 --> 00:29:30,320 the tip of the delta 1723 00:29:30,320 --> 00:29:32,070 the tip of the delta during that time it's absorbed used by 1724 00:29:32,070 --> 00:29:32,080 during that time it's absorbed used by 1725 00:29:32,080 --> 00:29:33,510 during that time it's absorbed used by the plant life 1726 00:29:33,510 --> 00:29:33,520 the plant life 1727 00:29:33,520 --> 00:29:36,070 the plant life or evaporated and some of the 1728 00:29:36,070 --> 00:29:36,080 or evaporated and some of the 1729 00:29:36,080 --> 00:29:37,350 or evaporated and some of the civilizations around here are trying to 1730 00:29:37,350 --> 00:29:37,360 civilizations around here are trying to 1731 00:29:37,360 --> 00:29:38,549 civilizations around here are trying to pump water out of this area 1732 00:29:38,549 --> 00:29:38,559 pump water out of this area 1733 00:29:38,559 --> 00:29:40,549 pump water out of this area to mining operations to cities again 1734 00:29:40,549 --> 00:29:40,559 to mining operations to cities again 1735 00:29:40,559 --> 00:29:41,830 to mining operations to cities again which will destroy 1736 00:29:41,830 --> 00:29:41,840 which will destroy 1737 00:29:41,840 --> 00:29:44,549 which will destroy this um area which is very similar to 1738 00:29:44,549 --> 00:29:44,559 this um area which is very similar to 1739 00:29:44,559 --> 00:29:45,830 this um area which is very similar to the south american 1740 00:29:45,830 --> 00:29:45,840 the south american 1741 00:29:45,840 --> 00:29:48,630 the south american rainforest it is one of the more wilder 1742 00:29:48,630 --> 00:29:48,640 rainforest it is one of the more wilder 1743 00:29:48,640 --> 00:29:49,590 rainforest it is one of the more wilder regions of the 1744 00:29:49,590 --> 00:29:49,600 regions of the 1745 00:29:49,600 --> 00:29:52,549 regions of the african continent huge herds of buffalo 1746 00:29:52,549 --> 00:29:52,559 african continent huge herds of buffalo 1747 00:29:52,559 --> 00:29:53,190 african continent huge herds of buffalo elephant 1748 00:29:53,190 --> 00:29:53,200 elephant 1749 00:29:53,200 --> 00:29:57,269 elephant and zebras and other animals roam there 1750 00:29:57,269 --> 00:29:57,279 and zebras and other animals roam there 1751 00:29:57,279 --> 00:30:00,549 and zebras and other animals roam there quite often we photograph this area 1752 00:30:00,549 --> 00:30:00,559 quite often we photograph this area 1753 00:30:00,559 --> 00:30:02,710 quite often we photograph this area almost every shuttle flight if we can to 1754 00:30:02,710 --> 00:30:02,720 almost every shuttle flight if we can to 1755 00:30:02,720 --> 00:30:04,789 almost every shuttle flight if we can to help document the changes in this delta 1756 00:30:04,789 --> 00:30:04,799 help document the changes in this delta 1757 00:30:04,799 --> 00:30:07,830 help document the changes in this delta because it's kind of a miniature uh 1758 00:30:07,830 --> 00:30:07,840 because it's kind of a miniature uh 1759 00:30:07,840 --> 00:30:09,590 because it's kind of a miniature uh model of how other areas of the world 1760 00:30:09,590 --> 00:30:09,600 model of how other areas of the world 1761 00:30:09,600 --> 00:30:10,789 model of how other areas of the world are working 1762 00:30:10,789 --> 00:30:10,799 are working 1763 00:30:10,799 --> 00:30:12,389 are working a lot of times in these areas up here we 1764 00:30:12,389 --> 00:30:12,399 a lot of times in these areas up here we 1765 00:30:12,399 --> 00:30:14,230 a lot of times in these areas up here we see forest or 1766 00:30:14,230 --> 00:30:14,240 see forest or 1767 00:30:14,240 --> 00:30:16,070 see forest or see fires where people are burning off 1768 00:30:16,070 --> 00:30:16,080 see fires where people are burning off 1769 00:30:16,080 --> 00:30:18,470 see fires where people are burning off the uh the wetlands so they can use the 1770 00:30:18,470 --> 00:30:18,480 the uh the wetlands so they can use the 1771 00:30:18,480 --> 00:30:19,269 the uh the wetlands so they can use the um 1772 00:30:19,269 --> 00:30:19,279 um 1773 00:30:19,279 --> 00:30:20,950 um the area for grazing since cattle 1774 00:30:20,950 --> 00:30:20,960 the area for grazing since cattle 1775 00:30:20,960 --> 00:30:22,470 the area for grazing since cattle herding and 1776 00:30:22,470 --> 00:30:22,480 herding and 1777 00:30:22,480 --> 00:30:24,950 herding and cattle is the biggest industry for the 1778 00:30:24,950 --> 00:30:24,960 cattle is the biggest industry for the 1779 00:30:24,960 --> 00:30:26,310 cattle is the biggest industry for the local population 1780 00:30:26,310 --> 00:30:26,320 local population 1781 00:30:26,320 --> 00:30:28,389 local population and over the past hundred years we've uh 1782 00:30:28,389 --> 00:30:28,399 and over the past hundred years we've uh 1783 00:30:28,399 --> 00:30:29,830 and over the past hundred years we've uh we've documented the changes in this 1784 00:30:29,830 --> 00:30:29,840 we've documented the changes in this 1785 00:30:29,840 --> 00:30:31,110 we've documented the changes in this river delta how 1786 00:30:31,110 --> 00:30:31,120 river delta how 1787 00:30:31,120 --> 00:30:33,430 river delta how a different weather phenomenon and how 1788 00:30:33,430 --> 00:30:33,440 a different weather phenomenon and how 1789 00:30:33,440 --> 00:30:34,549 a different weather phenomenon and how humans are affecting it 1790 00:30:34,549 --> 00:30:34,559 humans are affecting it 1791 00:30:34,559 --> 00:30:39,669 humans are affecting it and it's slowly shrinking and going away 1792 00:30:39,669 --> 00:30:39,679 1793 00:30:39,679 --> 00:30:42,070 this is an oblique view of lake charles 1794 00:30:42,070 --> 00:30:42,080 this is an oblique view of lake charles 1795 00:30:42,080 --> 00:30:42,710 this is an oblique view of lake charles lake chad 1796 00:30:42,710 --> 00:30:42,720 lake chad 1797 00:30:42,720 --> 00:30:46,310 lake chad is located at the border of chad nigeria 1798 00:30:46,310 --> 00:30:46,320 is located at the border of chad nigeria 1799 00:30:46,320 --> 00:30:47,190 is located at the border of chad nigeria niger and 1800 00:30:47,190 --> 00:30:47,200 niger and 1801 00:30:47,200 --> 00:30:50,230 niger and cameroon it's also a very good subject 1802 00:30:50,230 --> 00:30:50,240 cameroon it's also a very good subject 1803 00:30:50,240 --> 00:30:52,230 cameroon it's also a very good subject for photography on each shuttle flights 1804 00:30:52,230 --> 00:30:52,240 for photography on each shuttle flights 1805 00:30:52,240 --> 00:30:52,630 for photography on each shuttle flights as 1806 00:30:52,630 --> 00:30:52,640 as 1807 00:30:52,640 --> 00:30:55,830 as it is a very shallow lake less than 25 1808 00:30:55,830 --> 00:30:55,840 it is a very shallow lake less than 25 1809 00:30:55,840 --> 00:30:56,470 it is a very shallow lake less than 25 feet deep 1810 00:30:56,470 --> 00:30:56,480 feet deep 1811 00:30:56,480 --> 00:30:58,470 feet deep and that's why the size varies 1812 00:30:58,470 --> 00:30:58,480 and that's why the size varies 1813 00:30:58,480 --> 00:31:00,230 and that's why the size varies seasonally very much 1814 00:31:00,230 --> 00:31:00,240 seasonally very much 1815 00:31:00,240 --> 00:31:02,870 seasonally very much the picture shows the water on the 1816 00:31:02,870 --> 00:31:02,880 the picture shows the water on the 1817 00:31:02,880 --> 00:31:05,750 the picture shows the water on the southern basin the picture is looking uh 1818 00:31:05,750 --> 00:31:05,760 southern basin the picture is looking uh 1819 00:31:05,760 --> 00:31:08,549 southern basin the picture is looking uh south we have the water on the south 1820 00:31:08,549 --> 00:31:08,559 south we have the water on the south 1821 00:31:08,559 --> 00:31:09,990 south we have the water on the south basin and 1822 00:31:09,990 --> 00:31:10,000 basin and 1823 00:31:10,000 --> 00:31:13,029 basin and you can see also very big dunes 1824 00:31:13,029 --> 00:31:13,039 you can see also very big dunes 1825 00:31:13,039 --> 00:31:16,070 you can see also very big dunes covering the eastern and the northern 1826 00:31:16,070 --> 00:31:16,080 covering the eastern and the northern 1827 00:31:16,080 --> 00:31:17,350 covering the eastern and the northern edges of the lake 1828 00:31:17,350 --> 00:31:17,360 edges of the lake 1829 00:31:17,360 --> 00:31:20,389 edges of the lake where water used to stand before 1830 00:31:20,389 --> 00:31:20,399 where water used to stand before 1831 00:31:20,399 --> 00:31:23,830 where water used to stand before and also can be seen the prevailing 1832 00:31:23,830 --> 00:31:23,840 and also can be seen the prevailing 1833 00:31:23,840 --> 00:31:25,830 and also can be seen the prevailing wind direction very easily with the 1834 00:31:25,830 --> 00:31:25,840 wind direction very easily with the 1835 00:31:25,840 --> 00:31:27,350 wind direction very easily with the agricultural 1836 00:31:27,350 --> 00:31:27,360 agricultural 1837 00:31:27,360 --> 00:31:32,470 agricultural burning blowing to the west 1838 00:31:32,470 --> 00:31:32,480 burning blowing to the west 1839 00:31:32,480 --> 00:31:35,029 burning blowing to the west this uh near vertical falls color 1840 00:31:35,029 --> 00:31:35,039 this uh near vertical falls color 1841 00:31:35,039 --> 00:31:36,549 this uh near vertical falls color infrared picture 1842 00:31:36,549 --> 00:31:36,559 infrared picture 1843 00:31:36,559 --> 00:31:39,830 infrared picture shows a very unique agricultural pattern 1844 00:31:39,830 --> 00:31:39,840 shows a very unique agricultural pattern 1845 00:31:39,840 --> 00:31:42,230 shows a very unique agricultural pattern south of khartoum between the white and 1846 00:31:42,230 --> 00:31:42,240 south of khartoum between the white and 1847 00:31:42,240 --> 00:31:44,310 south of khartoum between the white and the blue nile rivers 1848 00:31:44,310 --> 00:31:44,320 the blue nile rivers 1849 00:31:44,320 --> 00:31:46,070 the blue nile rivers of course it's in like that's why 1850 00:31:46,070 --> 00:31:46,080 of course it's in like that's why 1851 00:31:46,080 --> 00:31:47,750 of course it's in like that's why everything green looks red on the 1852 00:31:47,750 --> 00:31:47,760 everything green looks red on the 1853 00:31:47,760 --> 00:31:49,269 everything green looks red on the picture 1854 00:31:49,269 --> 00:31:49,279 picture 1855 00:31:49,279 --> 00:31:52,710 picture uh hundreds of rectangular 1856 00:31:52,710 --> 00:31:52,720 uh hundreds of rectangular 1857 00:31:52,720 --> 00:31:56,389 uh hundreds of rectangular fields can be seen over a 1858 00:31:56,389 --> 00:31:56,399 fields can be seen over a 1859 00:31:56,399 --> 00:31:58,950 fields can be seen over a size of about 100 miles and also 1860 00:31:58,950 --> 00:31:58,960 size of about 100 miles and also 1861 00:31:58,960 --> 00:32:00,310 size of about 100 miles and also straight lines 1862 00:32:00,310 --> 00:32:00,320 straight lines 1863 00:32:00,320 --> 00:32:02,470 straight lines that are the water filled canals 1864 00:32:02,470 --> 00:32:02,480 that are the water filled canals 1865 00:32:02,480 --> 00:32:03,669 that are the water filled canals irrigating this 1866 00:32:03,669 --> 00:32:03,679 irrigating this 1867 00:32:03,679 --> 00:32:07,350 irrigating this region this is a by very far the biggest 1868 00:32:07,350 --> 00:32:07,360 region this is a by very far the biggest 1869 00:32:07,360 --> 00:32:11,110 region this is a by very far the biggest irrigation project in north africa 1870 00:32:11,110 --> 00:32:11,120 irrigation project in north africa 1871 00:32:11,120 --> 00:32:14,070 irrigation project in north africa in a periodic cycle throughout the year 1872 00:32:14,070 --> 00:32:14,080 in a periodic cycle throughout the year 1873 00:32:14,080 --> 00:32:15,029 in a periodic cycle throughout the year half of the 1874 00:32:15,029 --> 00:32:15,039 half of the 1875 00:32:15,039 --> 00:32:17,029 half of the fields are in crops essentially of 1876 00:32:17,029 --> 00:32:17,039 fields are in crops essentially of 1877 00:32:17,039 --> 00:32:18,870 fields are in crops essentially of cotton and the other half 1878 00:32:18,870 --> 00:32:18,880 cotton and the other half 1879 00:32:18,880 --> 00:32:21,750 cotton and the other half is fallow for resting soil and also for 1880 00:32:21,750 --> 00:32:21,760 is fallow for resting soil and also for 1881 00:32:21,760 --> 00:32:23,269 is fallow for resting soil and also for pest control 1882 00:32:23,269 --> 00:32:23,279 pest control 1883 00:32:23,279 --> 00:32:25,430 pest control this is also an oblique view of the 1884 00:32:25,430 --> 00:32:25,440 this is also an oblique view of the 1885 00:32:25,440 --> 00:32:27,590 this is also an oblique view of the strait of gibraltar looking 1886 00:32:27,590 --> 00:32:27,600 strait of gibraltar looking 1887 00:32:27,600 --> 00:32:30,870 strait of gibraltar looking south east mediterranean sea is on the 1888 00:32:30,870 --> 00:32:30,880 south east mediterranean sea is on the 1889 00:32:30,880 --> 00:32:32,310 south east mediterranean sea is on the upper left corner and you have the 1890 00:32:32,310 --> 00:32:32,320 upper left corner and you have the 1891 00:32:32,320 --> 00:32:34,149 upper left corner and you have the atlantic ocean on the right 1892 00:32:34,149 --> 00:32:34,159 atlantic ocean on the right 1893 00:32:34,159 --> 00:32:36,630 atlantic ocean on the right this is africa on the top and spain on 1894 00:32:36,630 --> 00:32:36,640 this is africa on the top and spain on 1895 00:32:36,640 --> 00:32:37,669 this is africa on the top and spain on the left 1896 00:32:37,669 --> 00:32:37,679 the left 1897 00:32:37,679 --> 00:32:40,870 the left the sunglint highlights very much the 1898 00:32:40,870 --> 00:32:40,880 the sunglint highlights very much the 1899 00:32:40,880 --> 00:32:41,269 the sunglint highlights very much the high 1900 00:32:41,269 --> 00:32:41,279 high 1901 00:32:41,279 --> 00:32:44,549 high currents through the strait and also 1902 00:32:44,549 --> 00:32:44,559 currents through the strait and also 1903 00:32:44,559 --> 00:32:47,509 currents through the strait and also current shears along those straight 1904 00:32:47,509 --> 00:32:47,519 current shears along those straight 1905 00:32:47,519 --> 00:32:48,149 current shears along those straight lines 1906 00:32:48,149 --> 00:32:48,159 lines 1907 00:32:48,159 --> 00:32:51,669 lines starting from coast of spain also we can 1908 00:32:51,669 --> 00:32:51,679 starting from coast of spain also we can 1909 00:32:51,679 --> 00:32:53,029 starting from coast of spain also we can see 1910 00:32:53,029 --> 00:32:53,039 see 1911 00:32:53,039 --> 00:32:55,909 see very easily surface waters patterns 1912 00:32:55,909 --> 00:32:55,919 very easily surface waters patterns 1913 00:32:55,919 --> 00:32:56,870 very easily surface waters patterns thanks to the 1914 00:32:56,870 --> 00:32:56,880 thanks to the 1915 00:32:56,880 --> 00:33:00,070 thanks to the the glint and also some very small 1916 00:33:00,070 --> 00:33:00,080 the glint and also some very small 1917 00:33:00,080 --> 00:33:02,950 the glint and also some very small shipwrecks the sunglint highlights also 1918 00:33:02,950 --> 00:33:02,960 shipwrecks the sunglint highlights also 1919 00:33:02,960 --> 00:33:04,789 shipwrecks the sunglint highlights also the town of tange here in 1920 00:33:04,789 --> 00:33:04,799 the town of tange here in 1921 00:33:04,799 --> 00:33:07,830 the town of tange here in morocco africa and also 1922 00:33:07,830 --> 00:33:07,840 morocco africa and also 1923 00:33:07,840 --> 00:33:11,990 morocco africa and also the bay of callis in spain and also 1924 00:33:11,990 --> 00:33:12,000 the bay of callis in spain and also 1925 00:33:12,000 --> 00:33:14,149 the bay of callis in spain and also you can see very long contrails on the 1926 00:33:14,149 --> 00:33:14,159 you can see very long contrails on the 1927 00:33:14,159 --> 00:33:18,310 you can see very long contrails on the bottom of the picture 1928 00:33:18,310 --> 00:33:18,320 1929 00:33:18,320 --> 00:33:21,350 this is a nice public view looking north 1930 00:33:21,350 --> 00:33:21,360 this is a nice public view looking north 1931 00:33:21,360 --> 00:33:24,549 this is a nice public view looking north east of the whole alps 1932 00:33:24,549 --> 00:33:24,559 east of the whole alps 1933 00:33:24,559 --> 00:33:27,750 east of the whole alps mountains chain which is a natural 1934 00:33:27,750 --> 00:33:27,760 mountains chain which is a natural 1935 00:33:27,760 --> 00:33:28,870 mountains chain which is a natural border 1936 00:33:28,870 --> 00:33:28,880 border 1937 00:33:28,880 --> 00:33:32,230 border of binding the some of the main european 1938 00:33:32,230 --> 00:33:32,240 of binding the some of the main european 1939 00:33:32,240 --> 00:33:34,389 of binding the some of the main european space agency countries participating in 1940 00:33:34,389 --> 00:33:34,399 space agency countries participating in 1941 00:33:34,399 --> 00:33:36,870 space agency countries participating in the international space station program 1942 00:33:36,870 --> 00:33:36,880 the international space station program 1943 00:33:36,880 --> 00:33:39,190 the international space station program france on the left italy on the right 1944 00:33:39,190 --> 00:33:39,200 france on the left italy on the right 1945 00:33:39,200 --> 00:33:41,269 france on the left italy on the right germany on the upper right corner 1946 00:33:41,269 --> 00:33:41,279 germany on the upper right corner 1947 00:33:41,279 --> 00:33:44,149 germany on the upper right corner and switzerland in the middle can be 1948 00:33:44,149 --> 00:33:44,159 and switzerland in the middle can be 1949 00:33:44,159 --> 00:33:44,630 and switzerland in the middle can be seen 1950 00:33:44,630 --> 00:33:44,640 seen 1951 00:33:44,640 --> 00:33:48,230 seen very easily the pattern of the rhone 1952 00:33:48,230 --> 00:33:48,240 very easily the pattern of the rhone 1953 00:33:48,240 --> 00:33:48,870 very easily the pattern of the rhone valley 1954 00:33:48,870 --> 00:33:48,880 valley 1955 00:33:48,880 --> 00:33:51,509 valley with the famous curve the inverted l 1956 00:33:51,509 --> 00:33:51,519 with the famous curve the inverted l 1957 00:33:51,519 --> 00:33:52,310 with the famous curve the inverted l shape 1958 00:33:52,310 --> 00:33:52,320 shape 1959 00:33:52,320 --> 00:33:54,310 shape and the 90 degrees angle here leading to 1960 00:33:54,310 --> 00:33:54,320 and the 90 degrees angle here leading to 1961 00:33:54,320 --> 00:33:55,750 and the 90 degrees angle here leading to the geneva lake 1962 00:33:55,750 --> 00:33:55,760 the geneva lake 1963 00:33:55,760 --> 00:33:59,509 the geneva lake and also it's very easy to see those 1964 00:33:59,509 --> 00:33:59,519 and also it's very easy to see those 1965 00:33:59,519 --> 00:34:02,710 and also it's very easy to see those big valleys here on the italian side as 1966 00:34:02,710 --> 00:34:02,720 big valleys here on the italian side as 1967 00:34:02,720 --> 00:34:03,830 big valleys here on the italian side as they have been 1968 00:34:03,830 --> 00:34:03,840 they have been 1969 00:34:03,840 --> 00:34:07,029 they have been shaped as a you letter by a glaciers 1970 00:34:07,029 --> 00:34:07,039 shaped as a you letter by a glaciers 1971 00:34:07,039 --> 00:34:07,990 shaped as a you letter by a glaciers during the last 1972 00:34:07,990 --> 00:34:08,000 during the last 1973 00:34:08,000 --> 00:34:10,710 during the last ice age this is the austral valley and 1974 00:34:10,710 --> 00:34:10,720 ice age this is the austral valley and 1975 00:34:10,720 --> 00:34:12,869 ice age this is the austral valley and this is a valley leading to terrain 1976 00:34:12,869 --> 00:34:12,879 this is a valley leading to terrain 1977 00:34:12,879 --> 00:34:15,669 this is a valley leading to terrain and here you see the izair and mauryan 1978 00:34:15,669 --> 00:34:15,679 and here you see the izair and mauryan 1979 00:34:15,679 --> 00:34:17,669 and here you see the izair and mauryan where a lot of very famous 1980 00:34:17,669 --> 00:34:17,679 where a lot of very famous 1981 00:34:17,679 --> 00:34:20,149 where a lot of very famous french and italian skiing resorts are 1982 00:34:20,149 --> 00:34:20,159 french and italian skiing resorts are 1983 00:34:20,159 --> 00:34:22,550 french and italian skiing resorts are located 1984 00:34:22,550 --> 00:34:22,560 located 1985 00:34:22,560 --> 00:34:24,869 located this is a view of greenland and because 1986 00:34:24,869 --> 00:34:24,879 this is a view of greenland and because 1987 00:34:24,879 --> 00:34:26,550 this is a view of greenland and because of the time of day that we launched 1988 00:34:26,550 --> 00:34:26,560 of the time of day that we launched 1989 00:34:26,560 --> 00:34:28,550 of the time of day that we launched we had sunrises usually in the very 1990 00:34:28,550 --> 00:34:28,560 we had sunrises usually in the very 1991 00:34:28,560 --> 00:34:30,149 we had sunrises usually in the very southern part of our orbit and then we 1992 00:34:30,149 --> 00:34:30,159 southern part of our orbit and then we 1993 00:34:30,159 --> 00:34:31,190 southern part of our orbit and then we had sunlit 1994 00:34:31,190 --> 00:34:31,200 had sunlit 1995 00:34:31,200 --> 00:34:34,069 had sunlit as we ascended in our orbit and had 1996 00:34:34,069 --> 00:34:34,079 as we ascended in our orbit and had 1997 00:34:34,079 --> 00:34:34,869 as we ascended in our orbit and had sunsets 1998 00:34:34,869 --> 00:34:34,879 sunsets 1999 00:34:34,879 --> 00:34:36,550 sunsets at the top of our orbit so this is kind 2000 00:34:36,550 --> 00:34:36,560 at the top of our orbit so this is kind 2001 00:34:36,560 --> 00:34:38,550 at the top of our orbit so this is kind of a late afternoon shot 2002 00:34:38,550 --> 00:34:38,560 of a late afternoon shot 2003 00:34:38,560 --> 00:34:40,310 of a late afternoon shot and of course it's easy to pick out all 2004 00:34:40,310 --> 00:34:40,320 and of course it's easy to pick out all 2005 00:34:40,320 --> 00:34:42,710 and of course it's easy to pick out all the fjords along the coastlines 2006 00:34:42,710 --> 00:34:42,720 the fjords along the coastlines 2007 00:34:42,720 --> 00:34:44,790 the fjords along the coastlines which were created during the last great 2008 00:34:44,790 --> 00:34:44,800 which were created during the last great 2009 00:34:44,800 --> 00:34:47,349 which were created during the last great ice age about ten thousand years ago 2010 00:34:47,349 --> 00:34:47,359 ice age about ten thousand years ago 2011 00:34:47,359 --> 00:34:49,669 ice age about ten thousand years ago it's interesting to find out that the 2012 00:34:49,669 --> 00:34:49,679 it's interesting to find out that the 2013 00:34:49,679 --> 00:34:51,109 it's interesting to find out that the ice particularly in the center of 2014 00:34:51,109 --> 00:34:51,119 ice particularly in the center of 2015 00:34:51,119 --> 00:34:52,950 ice particularly in the center of greenland is about ten thousand feet 2016 00:34:52,950 --> 00:34:52,960 greenland is about ten thousand feet 2017 00:34:52,960 --> 00:34:53,669 greenland is about ten thousand feet thick 2018 00:34:53,669 --> 00:34:53,679 thick 2019 00:34:53,679 --> 00:34:55,430 thick that there are still rivers of ice that 2020 00:34:55,430 --> 00:34:55,440 that there are still rivers of ice that 2021 00:34:55,440 --> 00:34:57,829 that there are still rivers of ice that are flowing towards the oceans 2022 00:34:57,829 --> 00:34:57,839 are flowing towards the oceans 2023 00:34:57,839 --> 00:34:59,910 are flowing towards the oceans where the ice then either melts or form 2024 00:34:59,910 --> 00:34:59,920 where the ice then either melts or form 2025 00:34:59,920 --> 00:35:02,870 where the ice then either melts or form forms icebergs 2026 00:35:02,870 --> 00:35:02,880 forms icebergs 2027 00:35:02,880 --> 00:35:05,109 forms icebergs this is a view of volcanic terrain in 2028 00:35:05,109 --> 00:35:05,119 this is a view of volcanic terrain in 2029 00:35:05,119 --> 00:35:07,990 this is a view of volcanic terrain in the central andes in south america 2030 00:35:07,990 --> 00:35:08,000 the central andes in south america 2031 00:35:08,000 --> 00:35:10,150 the central andes in south america and i like this view because it's very 2032 00:35:10,150 --> 00:35:10,160 and i like this view because it's very 2033 00:35:10,160 --> 00:35:11,510 and i like this view because it's very exotic looking and if you didn't know 2034 00:35:11,510 --> 00:35:11,520 exotic looking and if you didn't know 2035 00:35:11,520 --> 00:35:12,550 exotic looking and if you didn't know you were looking at the earth you might 2036 00:35:12,550 --> 00:35:12,560 you were looking at the earth you might 2037 00:35:12,560 --> 00:35:14,870 you were looking at the earth you might think we were exploring another planet 2038 00:35:14,870 --> 00:35:14,880 think we were exploring another planet 2039 00:35:14,880 --> 00:35:16,470 think we were exploring another planet the geologists are interested in 2040 00:35:16,470 --> 00:35:16,480 the geologists are interested in 2041 00:35:16,480 --> 00:35:18,390 the geologists are interested in pictures like this not only because of 2042 00:35:18,390 --> 00:35:18,400 pictures like this not only because of 2043 00:35:18,400 --> 00:35:18,870 pictures like this not only because of the 2044 00:35:18,870 --> 00:35:18,880 the 2045 00:35:18,880 --> 00:35:20,870 the many different types of volcanic 2046 00:35:20,870 --> 00:35:20,880 many different types of volcanic 2047 00:35:20,880 --> 00:35:22,470 many different types of volcanic landforms that they can pick out in the 2048 00:35:22,470 --> 00:35:22,480 landforms that they can pick out in the 2049 00:35:22,480 --> 00:35:23,349 landforms that they can pick out in the picture 2050 00:35:23,349 --> 00:35:23,359 picture 2051 00:35:23,359 --> 00:35:25,270 picture but also because there are a lot of dry 2052 00:35:25,270 --> 00:35:25,280 but also because there are a lot of dry 2053 00:35:25,280 --> 00:35:26,390 but also because there are a lot of dry lake beds and they can 2054 00:35:26,390 --> 00:35:26,400 lake beds and they can 2055 00:35:26,400 --> 00:35:28,069 lake beds and they can pick out ancient shorelines and some of 2056 00:35:28,069 --> 00:35:28,079 pick out ancient shorelines and some of 2057 00:35:28,079 --> 00:35:29,589 pick out ancient shorelines and some of the alluvial fans 2058 00:35:29,589 --> 00:35:29,599 the alluvial fans 2059 00:35:29,599 --> 00:35:31,990 the alluvial fans and they can also chart to changing 2060 00:35:31,990 --> 00:35:32,000 and they can also chart to changing 2061 00:35:32,000 --> 00:35:33,589 and they can also chart to changing water levels in some of the lakes and 2062 00:35:33,589 --> 00:35:33,599 water levels in some of the lakes and 2063 00:35:33,599 --> 00:35:35,430 water levels in some of the lakes and there's a very small 2064 00:35:35,430 --> 00:35:35,440 there's a very small 2065 00:35:35,440 --> 00:35:37,190 there's a very small turquoise lake if you can see it up here 2066 00:35:37,190 --> 00:35:37,200 turquoise lake if you can see it up here 2067 00:35:37,200 --> 00:35:39,430 turquoise lake if you can see it up here in the upper right 2068 00:35:39,430 --> 00:35:39,440 in the upper right 2069 00:35:39,440 --> 00:35:41,990 in the upper right this near vertical photograph of 2070 00:35:41,990 --> 00:35:42,000 this near vertical photograph of 2071 00:35:42,000 --> 00:35:44,790 this near vertical photograph of deforestation in brazil was one of our 2072 00:35:44,790 --> 00:35:44,800 deforestation in brazil was one of our 2073 00:35:44,800 --> 00:35:46,950 deforestation in brazil was one of our earth obs targets that we were asked to 2074 00:35:46,950 --> 00:35:46,960 earth obs targets that we were asked to 2075 00:35:46,960 --> 00:35:47,990 earth obs targets that we were asked to study and shows 2076 00:35:47,990 --> 00:35:48,000 study and shows 2077 00:35:48,000 --> 00:35:50,069 study and shows two distinctly different agricultural 2078 00:35:50,069 --> 00:35:50,079 two distinctly different agricultural 2079 00:35:50,079 --> 00:35:51,510 two distinctly different agricultural land use patterns in terms of their 2080 00:35:51,510 --> 00:35:51,520 land use patterns in terms of their 2081 00:35:51,520 --> 00:35:52,550 land use patterns in terms of their maturity 2082 00:35:52,550 --> 00:35:52,560 maturity 2083 00:35:52,560 --> 00:35:55,349 maturity the larger rectangular shapes on the 2084 00:35:55,349 --> 00:35:55,359 the larger rectangular shapes on the 2085 00:35:55,359 --> 00:35:56,390 the larger rectangular shapes on the bottom of the 2086 00:35:56,390 --> 00:35:56,400 bottom of the 2087 00:35:56,400 --> 00:35:59,589 bottom of the of the view represent 2088 00:35:59,589 --> 00:35:59,599 of the view represent 2089 00:35:59,599 --> 00:36:01,670 of the view represent an older and more fully developed 2090 00:36:01,670 --> 00:36:01,680 an older and more fully developed 2091 00:36:01,680 --> 00:36:02,950 an older and more fully developed agricultural environment while the 2092 00:36:02,950 --> 00:36:02,960 agricultural environment while the 2093 00:36:02,960 --> 00:36:04,550 agricultural environment while the smaller 2094 00:36:04,550 --> 00:36:04,560 smaller 2095 00:36:04,560 --> 00:36:08,069 smaller less developed areas are more recent 2096 00:36:08,069 --> 00:36:08,079 less developed areas are more recent 2097 00:36:08,079 --> 00:36:09,990 less developed areas are more recent agricultural development this scene is 2098 00:36:09,990 --> 00:36:10,000 agricultural development this scene is 2099 00:36:10,000 --> 00:36:12,390 agricultural development this scene is fairly typical of the landscape in 2100 00:36:12,390 --> 00:36:12,400 fairly typical of the landscape in 2101 00:36:12,400 --> 00:36:14,870 fairly typical of the landscape in southwestern brazil by the way 2102 00:36:14,870 --> 00:36:14,880 southwestern brazil by the way 2103 00:36:14,880 --> 00:36:16,630 southwestern brazil by the way photographs such as these are 2104 00:36:16,630 --> 00:36:16,640 photographs such as these are 2105 00:36:16,640 --> 00:36:18,950 photographs such as these are are excellent tools to illustrate the 2106 00:36:18,950 --> 00:36:18,960 are excellent tools to illustrate the 2107 00:36:18,960 --> 00:36:21,430 are excellent tools to illustrate the areas of change that are occurring 2108 00:36:21,430 --> 00:36:21,440 areas of change that are occurring 2109 00:36:21,440 --> 00:36:24,790 areas of change that are occurring in some more remote areas of our world 2110 00:36:24,790 --> 00:36:24,800 in some more remote areas of our world 2111 00:36:24,800 --> 00:36:26,950 in some more remote areas of our world they provide the scientists with insight 2112 00:36:26,950 --> 00:36:26,960 they provide the scientists with insight 2113 00:36:26,960 --> 00:36:28,230 they provide the scientists with insight into the rate at which these 2114 00:36:28,230 --> 00:36:28,240 into the rate at which these 2115 00:36:28,240 --> 00:36:30,630 into the rate at which these tropical rain forests and the transition 2116 00:36:30,630 --> 00:36:30,640 tropical rain forests and the transition 2117 00:36:30,640 --> 00:36:32,710 tropical rain forests and the transition zones of the tropical rainforest 2118 00:36:32,710 --> 00:36:32,720 zones of the tropical rainforest 2119 00:36:32,720 --> 00:36:35,750 zones of the tropical rainforest are being altered and in some cases as 2120 00:36:35,750 --> 00:36:35,760 are being altered and in some cases as 2121 00:36:35,760 --> 00:36:38,470 are being altered and in some cases as shown here in a very dramatic way 2122 00:36:38,470 --> 00:36:38,480 shown here in a very dramatic way 2123 00:36:38,480 --> 00:36:41,510 shown here in a very dramatic way this is a uh a photograph that 2124 00:36:41,510 --> 00:36:41,520 this is a uh a photograph that 2125 00:36:41,520 --> 00:36:43,270 this is a uh a photograph that shows the southern part of the luthera 2126 00:36:43,270 --> 00:36:43,280 shows the southern part of the luthera 2127 00:36:43,280 --> 00:36:45,829 shows the southern part of the luthera island in the northern bahamas 2128 00:36:45,829 --> 00:36:45,839 island in the northern bahamas 2129 00:36:45,839 --> 00:36:47,750 island in the northern bahamas looks like a nice place to visit as a 2130 00:36:47,750 --> 00:36:47,760 looks like a nice place to visit as a 2131 00:36:47,760 --> 00:36:48,790 looks like a nice place to visit as a matter of fact if you look again in 2132 00:36:48,790 --> 00:36:48,800 matter of fact if you look again in 2133 00:36:48,800 --> 00:36:50,230 matter of fact if you look again in about 20 years you may see me on a 2134 00:36:50,230 --> 00:36:50,240 about 20 years you may see me on a 2135 00:36:50,240 --> 00:36:52,790 about 20 years you may see me on a sailboat down there someplace 2136 00:36:52,790 --> 00:36:52,800 sailboat down there someplace 2137 00:36:52,800 --> 00:36:54,470 sailboat down there someplace uh the hook-shaped island encloses a 2138 00:36:54,470 --> 00:36:54,480 uh the hook-shaped island encloses a 2139 00:36:54,480 --> 00:36:55,990 uh the hook-shaped island encloses a relatively shallow platform 2140 00:36:55,990 --> 00:36:56,000 relatively shallow platform 2141 00:36:56,000 --> 00:36:58,310 relatively shallow platform as evidenced by the lighter blue color 2142 00:36:58,310 --> 00:36:58,320 as evidenced by the lighter blue color 2143 00:36:58,320 --> 00:37:01,270 as evidenced by the lighter blue color which is surrounded by the dark blue 2144 00:37:01,270 --> 00:37:01,280 which is surrounded by the dark blue 2145 00:37:01,280 --> 00:37:04,550 which is surrounded by the dark blue much deeper water the feathery pattern 2146 00:37:04,550 --> 00:37:04,560 much deeper water the feathery pattern 2147 00:37:04,560 --> 00:37:07,670 much deeper water the feathery pattern in the center here 2148 00:37:07,670 --> 00:37:07,680 2149 00:37:07,680 --> 00:37:11,670 is a uh platform of sandbars and 2150 00:37:11,670 --> 00:37:11,680 is a uh platform of sandbars and 2151 00:37:11,680 --> 00:37:13,990 is a uh platform of sandbars and sand channels created by the tidal 2152 00:37:13,990 --> 00:37:14,000 sand channels created by the tidal 2153 00:37:14,000 --> 00:37:15,670 sand channels created by the tidal currents that are moving in and out 2154 00:37:15,670 --> 00:37:15,680 currents that are moving in and out 2155 00:37:15,680 --> 00:37:18,550 currents that are moving in and out uh and off of the platform the channels 2156 00:37:18,550 --> 00:37:18,560 uh and off of the platform the channels 2157 00:37:18,560 --> 00:37:21,270 uh and off of the platform the channels serve as a funnel 2158 00:37:21,270 --> 00:37:21,280 serve as a funnel 2159 00:37:21,280 --> 00:37:23,430 serve as a funnel to move large amounts of of the 2160 00:37:23,430 --> 00:37:23,440 to move large amounts of of the 2161 00:37:23,440 --> 00:37:24,310 to move large amounts of of the limestone 2162 00:37:24,310 --> 00:37:24,320 limestone 2163 00:37:24,320 --> 00:37:25,750 limestone off of the platform and down into the 2164 00:37:25,750 --> 00:37:25,760 off of the platform and down into the 2165 00:37:25,760 --> 00:37:28,390 off of the platform and down into the deeper water 2166 00:37:28,390 --> 00:37:28,400 deeper water 2167 00:37:28,400 --> 00:37:30,630 deeper water this of course is uh is a fantastic view 2168 00:37:30,630 --> 00:37:30,640 this of course is uh is a fantastic view 2169 00:37:30,640 --> 00:37:32,710 this of course is uh is a fantastic view of of the grand canyon 2170 00:37:32,710 --> 00:37:32,720 of of the grand canyon 2171 00:37:32,720 --> 00:37:34,950 of of the grand canyon created by the colorado river that that 2172 00:37:34,950 --> 00:37:34,960 created by the colorado river that that 2173 00:37:34,960 --> 00:37:35,750 created by the colorado river that that starts 2174 00:37:35,750 --> 00:37:35,760 starts 2175 00:37:35,760 --> 00:37:37,349 starts in rocky mountain national park in 2176 00:37:37,349 --> 00:37:37,359 in rocky mountain national park in 2177 00:37:37,359 --> 00:37:39,510 in rocky mountain national park in colorado and then 2178 00:37:39,510 --> 00:37:39,520 colorado and then 2179 00:37:39,520 --> 00:37:42,230 colorado and then works its way down into into lake powell 2180 00:37:42,230 --> 00:37:42,240 works its way down into into lake powell 2181 00:37:42,240 --> 00:37:43,670 works its way down into into lake powell right here 2182 00:37:43,670 --> 00:37:43,680 right here 2183 00:37:43,680 --> 00:37:45,670 right here created by the glen canyon dam there and 2184 00:37:45,670 --> 00:37:45,680 created by the glen canyon dam there and 2185 00:37:45,680 --> 00:37:47,430 created by the glen canyon dam there and then cuts the 2186 00:37:47,430 --> 00:37:47,440 then cuts the 2187 00:37:47,440 --> 00:37:50,710 then cuts the grand canyon 227 miles 2188 00:37:50,710 --> 00:37:50,720 grand canyon 227 miles 2189 00:37:50,720 --> 00:37:52,550 grand canyon 227 miles long in total most of it that you can 2190 00:37:52,550 --> 00:37:52,560 long in total most of it that you can 2191 00:37:52,560 --> 00:37:54,069 long in total most of it that you can see in this view 2192 00:37:54,069 --> 00:37:54,079 see in this view 2193 00:37:54,079 --> 00:37:57,030 see in this view and uh averages about 10 miles wide and 2194 00:37:57,030 --> 00:37:57,040 and uh averages about 10 miles wide and 2195 00:37:57,040 --> 00:37:57,829 and uh averages about 10 miles wide and a mile deep 2196 00:37:57,829 --> 00:37:57,839 a mile deep 2197 00:37:57,839 --> 00:37:59,750 a mile deep now if you've ever visited the grand 2198 00:37:59,750 --> 00:37:59,760 now if you've ever visited the grand 2199 00:37:59,760 --> 00:38:01,109 now if you've ever visited the grand canyon you probably 2200 00:38:01,109 --> 00:38:01,119 canyon you probably 2201 00:38:01,119 --> 00:38:03,670 canyon you probably stood at the village on the rim right 2202 00:38:03,670 --> 00:38:03,680 stood at the village on the rim right 2203 00:38:03,680 --> 00:38:05,829 stood at the village on the rim right there and marvel at how magnificent the 2204 00:38:05,829 --> 00:38:05,839 there and marvel at how magnificent the 2205 00:38:05,839 --> 00:38:06,870 there and marvel at how magnificent the site was 2206 00:38:06,870 --> 00:38:06,880 site was 2207 00:38:06,880 --> 00:38:09,670 site was looked across to the to the north rim 2208 00:38:09,670 --> 00:38:09,680 looked across to the to the north rim 2209 00:38:09,680 --> 00:38:11,510 looked across to the to the north rim that is in the kaibab plateau that is 2210 00:38:11,510 --> 00:38:11,520 that is in the kaibab plateau that is 2211 00:38:11,520 --> 00:38:12,630 that is in the kaibab plateau that is covered by 2212 00:38:12,630 --> 00:38:12,640 covered by 2213 00:38:12,640 --> 00:38:15,670 covered by snow here and it's just equally a 2214 00:38:15,670 --> 00:38:15,680 snow here and it's just equally a 2215 00:38:15,680 --> 00:38:19,670 snow here and it's just equally a marvelous sight from space the malospina 2216 00:38:19,670 --> 00:38:19,680 marvelous sight from space the malospina 2217 00:38:19,680 --> 00:38:22,790 marvelous sight from space the malospina glacier in in southern 2218 00:38:22,790 --> 00:38:22,800 glacier in in southern 2219 00:38:22,800 --> 00:38:26,069 glacier in in southern alaska is a classic example of a of a 2220 00:38:26,069 --> 00:38:26,079 alaska is a classic example of a of a 2221 00:38:26,079 --> 00:38:27,349 alaska is a classic example of a of a piedmont 2222 00:38:27,349 --> 00:38:27,359 piedmont 2223 00:38:27,359 --> 00:38:29,109 piedmont glacier line along the foot of a 2224 00:38:29,109 --> 00:38:29,119 glacier line along the foot of a 2225 00:38:29,119 --> 00:38:31,589 glacier line along the foot of a mountain and then flowing into the sea 2226 00:38:31,589 --> 00:38:31,599 mountain and then flowing into the sea 2227 00:38:31,599 --> 00:38:33,190 mountain and then flowing into the sea the principal source of ice for this 2228 00:38:33,190 --> 00:38:33,200 the principal source of ice for this 2229 00:38:33,200 --> 00:38:34,950 the principal source of ice for this glacier is provided by the 2230 00:38:34,950 --> 00:38:34,960 glacier is provided by the 2231 00:38:34,960 --> 00:38:37,270 glacier is provided by the seward ice field that is up in the 2232 00:38:37,270 --> 00:38:37,280 seward ice field that is up in the 2233 00:38:37,280 --> 00:38:38,870 seward ice field that is up in the northern area here and then the ice 2234 00:38:38,870 --> 00:38:38,880 northern area here and then the ice 2235 00:38:38,880 --> 00:38:39,829 northern area here and then the ice flows in 2236 00:38:39,829 --> 00:38:39,839 flows in 2237 00:38:39,839 --> 00:38:41,750 flows in to the glacier through these three three 2238 00:38:41,750 --> 00:38:41,760 to the glacier through these three three 2239 00:38:41,760 --> 00:38:43,910 to the glacier through these three three channels 2240 00:38:43,910 --> 00:38:43,920 channels 2241 00:38:43,920 --> 00:38:46,950 channels the glacier moves and surges 2242 00:38:46,950 --> 00:38:46,960 the glacier moves and surges 2243 00:38:46,960 --> 00:38:48,710 the glacier moves and surges and that moves the earlier formed 2244 00:38:48,710 --> 00:38:48,720 and that moves the earlier formed 2245 00:38:48,720 --> 00:38:50,230 and that moves the earlier formed moraines outward 2246 00:38:50,230 --> 00:38:50,240 moraines outward 2247 00:38:50,240 --> 00:38:53,270 moraines outward and in expanding uh concentric circles 2248 00:38:53,270 --> 00:38:53,280 and in expanding uh concentric circles 2249 00:38:53,280 --> 00:38:53,670 and in expanding uh concentric circles and 2250 00:38:53,670 --> 00:38:53,680 and 2251 00:38:53,680 --> 00:38:55,990 and creates these patterns that you see here 2252 00:38:55,990 --> 00:38:56,000 creates these patterns that you see here 2253 00:38:56,000 --> 00:38:58,950 creates these patterns that you see here as it moves into the ocean 2254 00:38:58,950 --> 00:38:58,960 as it moves into the ocean 2255 00:38:58,960 --> 00:39:02,790 as it moves into the ocean going to the other end of the globe from 2256 00:39:02,790 --> 00:39:02,800 going to the other end of the globe from 2257 00:39:02,800 --> 00:39:04,310 going to the other end of the globe from north to south we're down here near 2258 00:39:04,310 --> 00:39:04,320 north to south we're down here near 2259 00:39:04,320 --> 00:39:06,470 north to south we're down here near antarctica this is heard island which is 2260 00:39:06,470 --> 00:39:06,480 antarctica this is heard island which is 2261 00:39:06,480 --> 00:39:07,510 antarctica this is heard island which is down near uh 2262 00:39:07,510 --> 00:39:07,520 down near uh 2263 00:39:07,520 --> 00:39:11,030 down near uh antarctica and the the special part of 2264 00:39:11,030 --> 00:39:11,040 antarctica and the the special part of 2265 00:39:11,040 --> 00:39:12,310 antarctica and the the special part of this picture is the 2266 00:39:12,310 --> 00:39:12,320 this picture is the 2267 00:39:12,320 --> 00:39:13,829 this picture is the wind patterns that you can see in the 2268 00:39:13,829 --> 00:39:13,839 wind patterns that you can see in the 2269 00:39:13,839 --> 00:39:16,550 wind patterns that you can see in the clouds here as the 2270 00:39:16,550 --> 00:39:16,560 clouds here as the 2271 00:39:16,560 --> 00:39:18,390 clouds here as the wind flows past the island it creates 2272 00:39:18,390 --> 00:39:18,400 wind flows past the island it creates 2273 00:39:18,400 --> 00:39:20,230 wind flows past the island it creates these vortices called von carmen 2274 00:39:20,230 --> 00:39:20,240 these vortices called von carmen 2275 00:39:20,240 --> 00:39:21,670 these vortices called von carmen vortices 2276 00:39:21,670 --> 00:39:21,680 vortices 2277 00:39:21,680 --> 00:39:23,990 vortices as the vortices develop you can see how 2278 00:39:23,990 --> 00:39:24,000 as the vortices develop you can see how 2279 00:39:24,000 --> 00:39:26,150 as the vortices develop you can see how the cloud patterns develop and dissipate 2280 00:39:26,150 --> 00:39:26,160 the cloud patterns develop and dissipate 2281 00:39:26,160 --> 00:39:29,109 the cloud patterns develop and dissipate causing these opposing vortices in the 2282 00:39:29,109 --> 00:39:29,119 causing these opposing vortices in the 2283 00:39:29,119 --> 00:39:30,710 causing these opposing vortices in the wind pattern so not only do we see the 2284 00:39:30,710 --> 00:39:30,720 wind pattern so not only do we see the 2285 00:39:30,720 --> 00:39:32,310 wind pattern so not only do we see the wind patterns but i also see the cloud 2286 00:39:32,310 --> 00:39:32,320 wind patterns but i also see the cloud 2287 00:39:32,320 --> 00:39:35,270 wind patterns but i also see the cloud formations develop there as well 2288 00:39:35,270 --> 00:39:35,280 formations develop there as well 2289 00:39:35,280 --> 00:39:37,670 formations develop there as well we were very fortunate to have several 2290 00:39:37,670 --> 00:39:37,680 we were very fortunate to have several 2291 00:39:37,680 --> 00:39:39,510 we were very fortunate to have several crystal clear passes over japan 2292 00:39:39,510 --> 00:39:39,520 crystal clear passes over japan 2293 00:39:39,520 --> 00:39:41,109 crystal clear passes over japan and this is the southern end of the 2294 00:39:41,109 --> 00:39:41,119 and this is the southern end of the 2295 00:39:41,119 --> 00:39:43,670 and this is the southern end of the island of kyushu in japan 2296 00:39:43,670 --> 00:39:43,680 island of kyushu in japan 2297 00:39:43,680 --> 00:39:45,750 island of kyushu in japan and up near the top of the frame you can 2298 00:39:45,750 --> 00:39:45,760 and up near the top of the frame you can 2299 00:39:45,760 --> 00:39:47,430 and up near the top of the frame you can see the volcanic 2300 00:39:47,430 --> 00:39:47,440 see the volcanic 2301 00:39:47,440 --> 00:39:50,150 see the volcanic volcano sakurajima with a little bit of 2302 00:39:50,150 --> 00:39:50,160 volcano sakurajima with a little bit of 2303 00:39:50,160 --> 00:39:51,589 volcano sakurajima with a little bit of steam plume 2304 00:39:51,589 --> 00:39:51,599 steam plume 2305 00:39:51,599 --> 00:39:55,030 steam plume emanating from the top you can also see 2306 00:39:55,030 --> 00:39:55,040 emanating from the top you can also see 2307 00:39:55,040 --> 00:39:57,270 emanating from the top you can also see quite a bit of ash collection near the 2308 00:39:57,270 --> 00:39:57,280 quite a bit of ash collection near the 2309 00:39:57,280 --> 00:39:58,230 quite a bit of ash collection near the summit 2310 00:39:58,230 --> 00:39:58,240 summit 2311 00:39:58,240 --> 00:40:01,190 summit and also what's striking on every pass 2312 00:40:01,190 --> 00:40:01,200 and also what's striking on every pass 2313 00:40:01,200 --> 00:40:01,910 and also what's striking on every pass over japan 2314 00:40:01,910 --> 00:40:01,920 over japan 2315 00:40:01,920 --> 00:40:04,150 over japan is the population density i think you 2316 00:40:04,150 --> 00:40:04,160 is the population density i think you 2317 00:40:04,160 --> 00:40:05,349 is the population density i think you can appreciate 2318 00:40:05,349 --> 00:40:05,359 can appreciate 2319 00:40:05,359 --> 00:40:11,109 can appreciate in this view several areas of 2320 00:40:11,109 --> 00:40:11,119 in this view several areas of 2321 00:40:11,119 --> 00:40:13,829 in this view several areas of population density several large cities 2322 00:40:13,829 --> 00:40:13,839 population density several large cities 2323 00:40:13,839 --> 00:40:16,870 population density several large cities including just to the west of sakurajima 2324 00:40:16,870 --> 00:40:16,880 including just to the west of sakurajima 2325 00:40:16,880 --> 00:40:19,349 including just to the west of sakurajima a town called kagoshima and it's 2326 00:40:19,349 --> 00:40:19,359 a town called kagoshima and it's 2327 00:40:19,359 --> 00:40:20,309 a town called kagoshima and it's interesting that 2328 00:40:20,309 --> 00:40:20,319 interesting that 2329 00:40:20,319 --> 00:40:22,230 interesting that the school children there have grown so 2330 00:40:22,230 --> 00:40:22,240 the school children there have grown so 2331 00:40:22,240 --> 00:40:23,750 the school children there have grown so accustomed to 2332 00:40:23,750 --> 00:40:23,760 accustomed to 2333 00:40:23,760 --> 00:40:25,990 accustomed to volcanic activity that they often wear 2334 00:40:25,990 --> 00:40:26,000 volcanic activity that they often wear 2335 00:40:26,000 --> 00:40:28,870 volcanic activity that they often wear hard hats to school 2336 00:40:28,870 --> 00:40:28,880 hard hats to school 2337 00:40:28,880 --> 00:40:30,790 hard hats to school this is our last picture in our series 2338 00:40:30,790 --> 00:40:30,800 this is our last picture in our series 2339 00:40:30,800 --> 00:40:32,550 this is our last picture in our series of slides this 2340 00:40:32,550 --> 00:40:32,560 of slides this 2341 00:40:32,560 --> 00:40:34,390 of slides this clearly is a mission that was dedicated 2342 00:40:34,390 --> 00:40:34,400 clearly is a mission that was dedicated 2343 00:40:34,400 --> 00:40:36,150 clearly is a mission that was dedicated to looking at the health of our planet 2344 00:40:36,150 --> 00:40:36,160 to looking at the health of our planet 2345 00:40:36,160 --> 00:40:37,430 to looking at the health of our planet and if there's anything 2346 00:40:37,430 --> 00:40:37,440 and if there's anything 2347 00:40:37,440 --> 00:40:39,349 and if there's anything that the entire population the planet's 2348 00:40:39,349 --> 00:40:39,359 that the entire population the planet's 2349 00:40:39,359 --> 00:40:45,870 that the entire population the planet's interested in it's the health of our 2350 00:40:45,870 --> 00:40:45,880 2351 00:40:45,880 --> 00:40:48,880 home